Exploring Harem Breeding
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Questions and Answers

Which part of the cell contains chromosomes?

  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Mitochondria
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm

    • Which of the following is NOT a factor that can cause similarities and differences between offspring and their parents?

  • Mutations
  • Genetics (correct)
  • External factors
  • Heredity

    • Which cells have unpaired chromosomes?

  • Skin cells
  • Muscle cells
  • Brain cells
  • Ova and sperm cells (correct)

    • What determines the appearance or characteristics of an animal?

    <p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of genetics in the successful breeding of laboratory animals?

    <p>Genetics helps choose the breeding system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process used to assess and document how an animal's genotype is expressed?

    <p>Phenotyping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are genes?

    <p>Sets of instructions that determine traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reproductive problems may be accompanied by vaginal prolapse?

    <p>Dystocia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals are more likely to neglect, kill, or cannibalize their young if disturbed by frequent observations or unusual environmental changes?

    <p>Rabbits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended practice for handling newborn animals?

    <p>Minimal handling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to how the genes code the information for the body’s structure?

    <p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for how the body’s individual characteristics appear?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a genetic alteration that occurs when a gene is damaged or changed?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals are highly susceptible to infections due to a genetic mutation that prevents them from developing T lymphocytes?

    <p>Nude mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a commonly inbred laboratory animal?

    <p>Rodents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum number of generations of brother-to-sister mating required to establish a strain?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mating system involves one male and one female selected by the breeder and housed together?

    <p>Monogamous mating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mating system results in the largest number of offspring from the least number of breeder animals?

    <p>Polygamous mating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the estrous cycle, when does a female animal become receptive to mating?

    <p>During estrus (heat)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time between fertilization and birth called?

    <p>Gestation period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is knowledge of the normal gestation period important in maintaining laboratory animal colonies?

    <p>To ensure successful mating leading to healthy offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breeding scheme produces more vigorous animals with a larger litter size?

    <p>Outbreeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breeding system reduces the number of breeding animals needed and permits accurate recordkeeping, but has high labor costs?

    <p>Separate housing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of providing a lighting system that provides 12 to 14 hours of light each day in rodent breeding colonies?

    <p>To ensure consistent estrous cycles in females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'milk spot' in neonatal rodent pups?

    <p>To hold the milk in the pups' stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health problems may occur in breeding females of many species?

    <p>Dystocia and vaginal prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following animals is NOT commonly used in biomedical research?

    <p>Dog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of genetic engineering in biomedical research?

    <p>To create transgenic animals with genes from another species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a knockout animal in biomedical research?

    <p>An animal that has an altered gene designed to 'turn off' a specific gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which research areas are knockout mice commonly used?

    <p>Cancer, obesity, and diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Genetics is the study of why offspring resemble or differ from their parents due to heredity?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Genes are the biological units by which traits are inherited?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Genetically manipulated animals, such as transgenic mice, are primarily used for breeding purposes in laboratory research?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Genes are made up of ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The only cells in which the chromosomes are not paired are ova and sperm cells?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Recessive genes are more easily expressed than dominant genes?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Phenotyping is a process used to assess and document how an animal's genotype is expressed?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Genotype refers to how the body's individual characteristics appear?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mutations can only occur spontaneously and not be brought about by environmental factors?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Genetically engineered animals are predominantly pigs and zebrafish?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The genetic alteration that causes a mutation can be observed in an animal's behavior or appearance?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The gestation period for all species is the same.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Transgenic animals contain new genes that are from another species or have been altered within the same species?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Breeding strategies for zebrafish aim to maximize genetic diversity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Knockout animals contain an altered gene that has been designed to 'turn off' a specific gene?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Outbreeding usually produces less vigorous animals than inbreeding.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Knock-in animals contain new DNA that has been designed to change a specific gene by creating a mutation?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Outbreeding typically results in a smaller litter size compared to inbreeding.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Fertilization in most mammals occurs within the female's reproductive tract?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Harem breeding eliminates the need to move pregnant animals?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Separate housing is the system of choice if males and females are aggressive toward each other?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Rodents and their pups communicate with each other by audible vocalizations?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A lighting system that provides 12 to 14 hours of light each day is best for most rodent breeding colonies?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Vaginal prolapse is a common symptom of dystocia and other reproductive problems in breeding animals?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: It is recommended to minimize handling of newborn animals to avoid the loss of the litter?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Some animals may neglect, kill, or cannibalize their young if disturbed by frequent observations or unusual environmental changes?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Inbreeding is a mating scheme used to produce animals with maximal genetic variation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A strain is considered to be established after a minimum of 10 generations of brother-to-sister mating.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Rodents are the most frequently outbred laboratory animals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Inbreeding is occasionally used in non-rodent species, such as rabbits, to produce offspring that are as genetically dissimilar as possible.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

    <p>Genotype refers to the genetic information for the body's structure, while phenotype refers to how the body's individual characteristics appear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can environmental factors influence phenotype?

    <p>Environmental factors can shift the phenotype away from the plan coded by the genotype.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mutation?

    <p>A mutation is a genetic alteration that occurs when a gene is damaged or changed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of technicians in identifying mutations in animals?

    <p>Technicians should notice and report unusual behavior or appearance in animals whose phenotypes are different from others in the same group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chromosomes in cells?

    <p>Chromosomes are long structures made of DNA molecules that carry genes and determine an organism's traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between dominant and recessive genes?

    <p>Dominant genes are more easily expressed and contribute to the appearance or characteristics of an animal, while recessive genes are less easily expressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an animal's genotype determined?

    <p>An animal's genotype is determined by the specific genetic makeup of its genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are phenotype and phenotyping?

    <p>Phenotype refers to the physical and physiological characteristics of an animal, such as its appearance and internal physiology. Phenotyping is the process of assessing and documenting how an animal's genotype is expressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is genetics and why is it important in the study of heredity?

    <p>Genetics is the scientific study of heredity, which is the passing of traits or physical characteristics from parents to offspring. It is important in understanding why offspring resemble or differ from their parents and in studying the role of genes in determining traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are genes and how do they contribute to inheritance?

    <p>Genes are the biological units by which traits are inherited. They are sets of instructions that determine what traits can be expressed in an animal. Genes contribute to inheritance by passing down the genetic information that codes for the body's structure and physical characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How have advances in molecular biology impacted animal genetics and research?

    <p>Advances in molecular biology have led to well-defined animal genetics and the development of genetically manipulated animals, such as transgenic mice. These genetically manipulated animals are used as animal models to understand normal biological functions, disease states, and for the development of treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some reproductive problems that may be observed in breeder animals?

    <p>Dystocia, miscarriage, and vaginal prolapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for the veterinary staff to be notified immediately in cases of breeder animal health problems?

    <p>To address the reproductive problems and provide appropriate medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some strategies to avoid the loss of a litter in newborn animals?

    <p>Minimal handling, delaying cage changes, and avoiding unnecessary husbandry practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are transgenic animals and how are they created?

    <p>Transgenic animals are animals that contain new genes either from another species or altered within the same species. They are created through genetic engineering, where the genes are manipulated in the laboratory and then transferred into an animal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a knockout animal and how does it differ from a transgenic animal?

    <p>A knockout animal contains an altered gene that has been designed to 'turn off' a specific gene, preventing it from being expressed. This can lead to observable changes in appearance, behavior, and physiological or biochemical characteristics. In contrast, a transgenic animal contains new genes that are either from another species or have been altered within the same species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a knock-in animal and how is it used in biomedical research?

    <p>A knock-in animal contains new DNA that has been designed to change a specific gene, often by creating a mutation associated with a disease. For example, a knock-in mouse may contain a mutation that causes a known cancer-causing gene to change its pattern of expression. Knock-in animals are used to study the effects of specific genetic mutations on disease development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the process of sexual reproduction in mammals and how it differs in other species.

    <p>In most mammals, fertilization occurs within the female's reproductive tract, and the resulting zygote becomes implanted and grows in the uterus. However, in other species such as most amphibians, fertilization occurs outside the female's body, and embryo development also occurs externally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of knowing the gestation period for a species in the maintenance of laboratory animal colonies?

    <p>The knowledge of the gestation period is important for breeding animals and ensuring successful mating and healthy offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to collect cells from the vagina and examine them under a microscope when determining the best time for mating?

    <p>Examining cells from the vagina allows for the determination of when the female is entering the estrus stage of her cycle and is ready for mating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What breeding strategies are recommended for maximizing genetic diversity in zebrafish?

    <p>To maximize genetic diversity in zebrafish, researchers should eliminate sibling matings, maximize effective population size, and periodically import individuals from outside populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two most commonly used outbred mouse stocks?

    <p>The two most commonly used outbred mouse stocks are CF1, ICR, and Swiss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inbreeding and why is it used in animal breeding?

    <p>Inbreeding is a mating scheme used to produce animals with minimal genetic variation. It is used to produce animals that share most genetic characteristics and have nearly identical genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many generations of brother-to-sister mating are required for a strain to be considered established?

    <p>A strain is considered to be established after a minimum of 20 generations of brother-to-sister mating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals are the most frequently inbred laboratory animals?

    <p>Rodents are the most frequently inbred laboratory animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of an accidental mating to an unrelated animal or an animal of a different strain in an inbred line?

    <p>It contaminates the inbred line and destroys its usefulness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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