Catabolism - Glycolysis

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Questions and Answers

How many ATP molecules are created during the generating phase of glycolysis?

  • 2 ATP
  • 6 ATP
  • 8 ATP
  • 4 ATP (correct)

What is the net ATP production per glucose molecule in glycolysis?

  • 6 ATP
  • 4 ATP
  • 2 ATP (correct)
  • 0 ATP

How many NADH molecules are generated per glucose molecule in glycolysis?

  • 2 NADH (correct)
  • 0 NADH
  • 3 NADH
  • 1 NADH

Which reactions in glycolysis are irreversible?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of glycolysis requires ATP?

<p>Preparative Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are required during the preparatory phase of glycolysis?

<p>2 ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Mg2+ cofactor in Reaction 1 of glycolysis?

<p>It stabilizes the enzyme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Reaction 2 of glycolysis proceed in the forward direction despite having a positive ΔG°?

<p>It is coupled with an exergonic reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate-limiting and committing step of glycolysis?

<p>Reaction 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the effect on glycolysis if triose phosphate isomerase was not present/able to function?

<p>Glycolysis would stop at Reaction 5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for Reaction 6 of glycolysis?

<p>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ΔG° for Reaction 8 of glycolysis?

<p>4.4 kJ/mol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for Reaction 9 of glycolysis?

<p>Enolase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Enzyme is responsible for the last step of glycolysis?

<p>Pyruvate Kinase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the formation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate?

<p>Phosphofructosekinase 1(PFK-1) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main rate-limiting reaction in glycolysis?

<p>Fructose 6-Phosphate to Fructose 1, 6-biphosphate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aldolase catalyzes the formation of...

<p>Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceralaldehyde 3-phosphate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conversion fo G-6-P to F-6-P is catalyzed by

<p>Phosphoglucose isomerase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Phosphoglycerate kinase will..

<p>Remove a phosphate from biphosphoglycerate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enolase produces

<p>H2O + Phosphoenolpyruvate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pyruvate kinase produces...

<p>Pyruvate + ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme(s) requires magnesium as a cofactor?

<p>Pyruvate kinase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

PFK phosphorylates..

<p>F-6-P (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Triose phosphate isomerase catalyzes the...

<p>Conversion of DHAP to G3P (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

ATP Production in Glycolysis

  • A total of 4 ATP molecules are generated during the payoff phase of glycolysis.
  • The net ATP production per glucose molecule in glycolysis is 2 ATP, considering 2 ATP are used in the preparatory phase.
  • Glycolysis generates 2 NADH molecules per glucose molecule.

Irreversible Reactions in Glycolysis

  • The irreversible reactions in glycolysis are catalyzed by hexokinase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase.

ATP Requirements in Glycolysis

  • The preparatory phase of glycolysis requires 2 ATP molecules for phosphorylation of glucose and fructose 6-phosphate.

Role of Mg2+ in Glycolysis

  • The Mg2+ cofactor in Reaction 1 stabilizes the negative charges on ATP, facilitating its hydrolysis to ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Reaction Direction in Glycolysis

  • Reaction 2 can proceed in the forward direction despite a positive ΔG° due to the low concentration of products, utilizing Le Chatelier's principle.

Rate-Limiting Step of Glycolysis

  • The rate-limiting and committing step of glycolysis is catalyzed by phosphofructokinase (PFK), which converts fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

Effect of Triose Phosphate Isomerase Absence

  • Without the function of triose phosphate isomerase, the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate would be impaired, disrupting glycolysis.

Key Enzymes in Glycolysis

  • The enzyme responsible for Reaction 6 is glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).
  • Reaction 8 is catalyzed by phosphoglycerate mutase, with a ΔG° of approximately 0.
  • Enolase is responsible for Reaction 9, converting 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate.
  • The last step of glycolysis is catalyzed by pyruvate kinase.
  • The enzyme responsible for forming fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is phosphofructokinase (PFK).
  • The main rate-limiting reaction in glycolysis is also catalyzed by PFK.

Additional Enzymatic Actions and Requirements

  • Aldolase catalyzes the formation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
  • The conversion of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) to fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) is catalyzed by phosphoglucose isomerase.
  • Phosphoglycerate kinase catalyzes the conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, producing ATP.
  • Enolase produces phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) from 2-phosphoglycerate.
  • Pyruvate kinase produces pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate.
  • Enzymes such as hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase require magnesium as a cofactor.
  • Phosphofructokinase (PFK) phosphorylates fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
  • Triose phosphate isomerase catalyzes the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

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