30 Questions
What does marine science cover?
The ocean, its shores, and other bodies of water such as lakes and rivers
What percentage of the earth's surface is covered in water?
About 70 percent
What will you learn in this unit?
How the earth and its oceans were created, plate tectonics movements, and the scientific method in marine science
What is marine science also known as?
Oceanography
What does marine science study?
The ocean, its shores, and all life that depends on these places
What is the percentage of water compared to land covering the globe?
Over twice as much water as land
What is the rate at which Venice, Italy is sinking due to rising oceans and muddy land?
5 to 10 centimeters per century
What causes ocean water to expand, thereby raising sea levels?
Warm temperatures
For how long have changes in sea level been at the current level?
About 2,500 years
What is a hypothesis in the scientific method?
A scientist's initial best guess at an answer to a question
When are observations used in scientific inquiry?
When experimentation is not feasible, involving recording and analyzing details
What happens to a hypothesis that can consistently be proven true?
Becomes a theory
What did Alfred Wegener propose regarding the current continents?
They were once part of a single landmass called Pangaea
What causes seafloor spreading?
Magma filling the gaps between plates and pushing them apart
What type of boundary forms when plates move towards each other?
Convergent boundaries
What drives the movement of tectonic plates?
The Earth's mantle
How do divergent boundaries contribute to the formation of bodies of water like the Red Sea?
$Magma$ $fills$ $the$ $gap$ $between$ $plates$ $and$ $creates$ $valleys$ $and$ $ridges$
What determines the physical edges or boundaries of tectonic plates?
The physical shape of the plates
What type of boundary can result in one plate sliding above another, leading to the formation of ridges, mountain ranges, and underwater volcanoes?
Convergent boundary
What is the most active volcano on Earth located on the Big Island of Hawaii?
Mauna Loa
What contributes significantly to changes in sea levels?
Icebergs melting due to increased temperatures
What type of boundary creates gaps on the ocean floor, leading to changes in sea levels as water fills the gaps?
Divergent boundary
What type of plate movement can lead to underwater earthquakes, resulting in tsunamis that can devastate island nations?
Movement of plates in the ocean
What do marine scientists study to understand the global impact of sea level changes on the environment?
Ocean floor and its shifting landscape
What percentage of Earth's water is found in the oceans?
97%
What accounts for less than 0.25% of Earth's weight?
The hydrosphere
What is the temperature of the inner core of the Earth?
$9000$ degrees or higher
What is the composition of the outer core of the Earth?
Nickel and iron
What causes earthquakes on the Earth's surface?
Plate movement on the mantle
What fills the majority of freshwater on Earth?
Groundwater
Study Notes
The Ocean is a Vast Space
- An ocean is a large body of salt water that fills a large depression in the earth’s surface.
- Seas are technically also oceans, but the term sea is generally used to refer to smaller bodies of saltwater.
- The hydrosphere, the total mass of water on, under, or above the planet's surface, accounts for less than 0.25% of Earth's weight.
- 97% of Earth’s water is found in the oceans, with the majority of freshwater held in glaciers.
- Salt water makes up 97.5% of the world’s water, while freshwater makes up only 2.5%.
- The earth's surface is mostly water when seen from space.
- The earth's surface cooled, allowing rain to form the oceans, filling the lower points on the uneven surface.
- The Earth's crust is the thinnest layer, made of many uneven pieces called plates that float on the mantle.
- Plate movement on the mantle causes earthquakes, and the surface of the Earth is not stable.
- The outer core and inner core of the Earth have distinct physical and chemical properties.
- The outer core is in a liquid state due to high temperatures and is made of nickel and iron.
- The inner core is incredibly hot with temperatures of 9,000 degrees or higher, and has incredible pressure of 45 million pounds per square inch.
Dive into the fascinating world of oceans and seas with this quiz. Discover interesting facts about the hydrosphere, ocean formation, and the Earth's structure.
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