Questions and Answers
What was the primary purpose of Columbus's journey in 1492?
Which of the following best describes Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca's writings?
Which region is Samuel de Champlain most closely associated with?
What language did Thomas Harriet learn that aided his expeditions?
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Which type of writing was NOT commonly produced during the Colonial Period?
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What motivated the Separatists to break away from the Church of England?
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Which event is associated with William Bradford?
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What major theme is reflected in Anne Bradstreet's poetry?
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What significant concept did John Winthrop promote for the Puritans?
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What hardship did the Pilgrims face during their first winter in Plymouth?
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Which book is credited to John Smith, who promoted migration to the New World?
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What was the Pilgrims' perspective on their new environment as described by Bradford?
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Which theological influence shaped the Puritan colonial government?
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What significance does the poem 'Upon a Fit of Sickness' have in Anne Bradstreet's work?
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What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact established by the Pilgrims?
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Study Notes
Columbus
- Journal written in 1492 aimed at discovering a new route to the east.
- Letters addressed to Fernando and Isabel of Spain document the first contact with land and indigenous peoples.
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
- Authored "Naufragios" (1542) recounting his shipwreck and survival journey.
- Spanish conquistador who lost his crew and embarked on a six-year expedition across southern territories, ending in modern-day Mexico.
- Writings express sympathy for indigenous groups and critique Spanish occupation.
Samuel de Champlain
- Known as a pioneer of "New France" (now Canada), recognized in northern New England and New York.
- Wrote "Des Suavages" (1604, published in English 1625), detailing his northern exploits.
Thomas Harriet
- British astronomer and mathematician who learned the Carolina Algonquian language.
- Visited the Roanoke Island settlement, known for its mysterious disappearance.
- Published "A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia" (1558).
The Colonial Period (1620-1776)
Types of Writing
- Chronicles by European explorers.
- Captivity narratives and spiritual autobiographies.
- Poetry and drama, approaching novelistic forms.
The Pilgrims
- Henry VIII's split from the Roman Catholic Church in the 16th century formed the Church of England.
- Separatists opposed royal leadership of the church, advocating personal worship and biblical interpretation.
- William Bradford led the Pilgrims to Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620 aboard the Mayflower.
- The first winter posed challenges, but assistance from Wampanoag Indians, led by Massasoit, contributed to their survival, marking Thanksgiving's origins.
The Puritans
- Sought to reform rather than separate from the Church of England.
- John Winthrop directed a group of 1,000 to Massachusetts Bay in the Great Migration.
- Their government was grounded in strict adherence to God's laws, influenced by Swiss theologian John Calvin.
John Smith
- English explorer and leader of the Virginia Colony (1608-1609), the first permanent English settlement in North America.
- Named New England and promoted migration to the New World.
- Wrote "The General History of Virginia, New England and the Summer Isles" (1624).
- Famous for his captivity story involving the Chesapeake Bay Indians and Pocahontas.
William Bradford
- Led the Pilgrims to Plymouth and served as the first governor of the colony.
- Established the Mayflower Compact, ensuring the protection of individual rights.
- Authored "The History of Plymouth Plantation" (published in 1856) detailing the Pilgrims' arrival and hardships.
Excerpt from "The History of Plymouth Plantation"
- Describes the bleak wilderness encountered by Pilgrims, emphasizing feelings of isolation and despair.
John Winthrop
- Led the Puritans to the New World.
- Wrote "A Modell of Christian Charity," outlining the religious ideas that shaped the colony.
- Advocated for a societal structure where chosen individuals lead, emphasizing community and charity.
Anne Bradstreet
- Noted for spiritual poetry reflecting colonial life.
- Her volume "The Tenth Muse" (1650) became the first book of poetry published in the English colonies.
- Explored themes like gender issues, familial love, and existential questions in her poems.
Poem Excerpt: “Upon a Fit of Sickness, Anno. 1632”
- Contemplative piece addressing themes of life, death, and the transient nature of existence, symbolized through the imagery of a bubble.
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Description
This quiz delves into the writings and experiences of Christopher Columbus and Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca. Explore Columbus's journal from 1492 detailing his interactions with indigenous peoples and Cabeza de Vaca's incredible journey after being shipwrecked in 1542. Test your knowledge on their discoveries and perspectives on native cultures.
