Exploration Fluid Distribution and Pressure Quiz

Section 1.8

To design a reservoir model

Section 7.1

The grid resolution

It can handle significantly thicker intervals

Acoustic impedance

Roxar RMS

To give the user an understanding of the principles of building reservoir models of complex geological environments

A consistent representation of all data and knowledge about a reservoir relevant to the management of the reservoir

All of the above

Observing the contact of the fluid

To manage the reservoir

Measuring the relative permeability of the rock types

To analyze the risk associated with reservoir management

A description of the structural framework

True

All of the above

All of the above

Building a model that is fit for purpose

Create a geostatistical model and simulate multiple realizations

Combining scenario level uncertainty and parameter uncertainty

Decisions to be made based on the model, information needed from the model, validity of the information, and translation to the reservoir model elements

The main elements of a reservoir model are: the reservoir geometry, the petrophysical properties, the fluid distribution, and the dynamic behavior of the fluids.

The key steps in designing a reservoir model are: data investigation, initial model creation using facies belts, refining the model using facies channels and bodylogs, and quality control of the results.

Assessing the uncertainty of the reservoir model is important to understand the range of possible outcomes and make informed decisions based on the level of uncertainty.

The resolution of interpreted logs should be assessed to determine if it is too coarse or too detailed.

The zonation of the reservoir is important in modelling techniques because an advanced facies model can handle thicker intervals than a traditional 2D layer cake approach.

Grid resolution should capture the necessary detail without being too detailed.

Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance

Create a geostatistical model for the parameter and simulate multiple realizations

Building a model that is fit for purpose

• Explicitly model and capture heterogeneities that influence fluid flow for studies providing input to flow simulation.
• Integrate and honor all available data for mature fields with abundant well, seismic, and production data.
• Place more emphasis on the conceptual geological model for exploration phase with limited well data.
• Model the sediment distribution in time and space when well planning in deepwater environments where wells are expensive

The main components of a reservoir model are the structural framework, petrophysical properties of the reservoir, initial distribution of fluids and pressures, and dynamic fluid behavior and properties.

The purpose of reservoir modelling is to support the management of a reservoir by incorporating all available data and knowledge to make informed decisions.

Assessing the uncertainty of a reservoir model is critical because of the high human and financial risk involved in hydrocarbon production. Realistic assessment of uncertainty helps in making prudent management decisions.

A reservoir model adds value to the management of an asset by maximizing the use of available data, improving understanding of the reservoir, identifying opportunities, avoiding potential dangers, and enabling optimal decision-making throughout the reservoir's life cycle.

The challenges in establishing the fluid distribution in the exploration stage include the lack of observed contact and the identification of whether the reservoir has one pressure regime or is divided into several isolated compartments.

Understanding dynamic fluid behavior in the reservoir is necessary to describe the fluid movement through the reservoir and into the wells and to predict future production. It requires knowledge of the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) relationships for the fluid composition and the relative permeability for each fluid and rock type in the reservoir.

The purpose of building a reservoir model is to help manage the reservoir. It is critical that the model is designed to support the objectives at hand, whether it be developing an appraisal well or an improved oil recovery project on a mature field.

There is significant human and financial risk associated with reservoir management due to the uncertainty of the reservoir model. Assessing the uncertainty allows for proper risk analysis and understanding of the critical risk factors.

Exercise 1: Basic Facies:Belts job set-up – No Well Conditioning. Exercise 2: Stacked Belts – progradational directions (OPTIONAL). Exercise 3: Stacking Angle (OPTIONAL). Exercise 4: Stacking Belts – Curved Boundaries (OPTIONAL). Exercise 5: Stacking Belts – Interfingering. Exercise 6: Stacking Belts constrained to Well Data. Exercise 7: Use predefined polygons as belts boundaries (OPTIONAL). Exercise 8: Manual editing of a 3D facies parameter (OPTIONAL). Exercise 9: Facies log generation based on simple PHIE cut off (OPTIONAL). Exercise 10: Create intensity and azimuth trends to position the Spit facies in the Shoreface environment, using Facies:Belts report parameters. Exercise 11: Create intensity and azimuth trends to position the Spit facies in the Shoreface environment, using Facies:Belts report parameters. Exercise 12: Merge facies parameters to create a final shoreface facies model.

Exercise 1: Investigate the data. Exercise 2: Create a combined facies log to define the facies belts. Exercise 3: Model the large scale deltaic facies belts. Exercise 4: Model the channel and crevasses. Exercise 5: Create a trend to position the mouthbar objects in the appropriate facies belts, close to channel objects. Exercise 6: Model the mouthbar objects. Exercise 7: Merge the facies to get the final facies model. Exercise 8: Result QC.

The objective of the course is to give the user an understanding of the principles of building reservoir models of complex geological environments.

Roxar RMS is a tool designed to support all aspects of reservoir management. It allows the geoscientists to combine their knowledge with all available data from the reservoir, such as well data and seismic data, into a consistent 3D reservoir model.

For the purpose of this course, a reservoir model is defined as 'A reservoir model is a consistent representation of all data and knowledge about a reservoir relevant to the management of the reservoir.'

The main considerations when assessing the resolution of interpreted logs are whether the resolution is correct, too coarse, or too detailed.

The zonation of the reservoir is important in modelling techniques because an advanced facies model can handle significantly thicker intervals compared to a traditional 2D layer cake approach.

Some general directions for model design in different field scenarios include doing a thorough data analysis to quantify model parameters and ensuring that the grid resolution captures the necessary detail without being too detailed.

Roxar RMS is designed to support all aspects of reservoir management, allowing geoscientists to combine their knowledge with all available data from the reservoir to create a consistent 3D reservoir model.

The objective of the course is to give the user an understanding of the principles of building reservoir models of complex geological environments.

A reservoir model is a consistent representation of all data and knowledge about a reservoir relevant to the management of the reservoir.

The main elements of a reservoir model include well data, seismic data, and other available data from the reservoir, combined into a consistent 3D model.

One challenge in establishing fluid distribution in the exploration stage is that the contact has not yet been observed.

Understanding dynamic fluid behavior in the reservoir is important for describing the fluid movement, predicting future production, and matching historic production from individual wells and the whole field.

Assessing the uncertainty of a reservoir model is critical because it helps analyze the associated risk in reservoir management and ensures the validity of the model's information.

The purpose of building a reservoir model is to help manage the reservoir by supporting decision-making and understanding critical factors such as fluid distribution and recovery mechanisms.

The main elements of a reservoir model are the geological framework, petrophysical properties, fluid properties, and dynamic behavior.

The exercises covered in Section 7.3 of the course are: Exercise 1: Investigating the data, Exercise 2: First pass model using Facies:Belts with proportion mode, Exercise 3: First pass model. Influence of the Variogram type on the lateral facies continuity (OPTIONAL), Exercise 4: Create and edit a Bodylog, Exercise 5: Refined model using Facies:Channels and Bodylog, Exercise 6: QC of results, Exercise 7: Use Crevasses with Facies:Channels (OPTIONAL), Exercise 8: Use correlation with Facies:Channels (OPTIONAL).

The value of a reservoir model lies in its ability to provide insights into the subsurface, optimize reservoir management decisions, and improve hydrocarbon recovery.

The challenges in establishing the petrophysical model include understanding how the depositional and diagenetic processes impact rock and fluid properties, as well as how to combine well data with the conceptual geological model.

The initial fluid distribution in a reservoir model is typically based on fluid contacts observed in the wells and a model for the fluid presence as a function of the height above these contacts.

The purpose of the structural framework in a reservoir model is to describe the surfaces bounding the reservoir intervals, the faults, and the relationship between them.

A reservoir model adds value to the management of an asset by maximizing the use of available data, introducing better decision-making processes, and allowing a multi-disciplinary team to improve their understanding of the reservoir.

Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance are techniques that can assist in improving the analysis when the number of variables becomes exhaustive.

When designing the petrophysical property model, the following questions should be answered: 1) Which decisions do we need to make on the basis of the model? 2) What is the information that we need from the model to make these decisions? 3) What is critical to secure the validity of this information? 4) How do these critical issues translate to the different elements of the reservoir model?

A reservoir model provides valuable information for decision-making in the management of an asset. It helps to understand the behavior and characteristics of the reservoir, optimize production strategies, and assess the uncertainty associated with the reservoir model.

Some general directions for model design in different field scenarios are: 1) Explicitly model and capture the heterogeneities that influence fluid flow when providing input to flow simulation. 2) Integrate and honor all available data in a mature field with abundant well, seismic, and production data. 3) Place more emphasis on the conceptual geological model in the exploration phase with limited well data. 4) Model the sediment distribution in time and space when planning wells in deepwater environments where wells are expensive.