Exploration and Evaluation of Mineral Resources
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Questions and Answers

How is the depletion rate per unit calculated?

  • By subtracting the total production costs from the total output.
  • By dividing the depletable amount of the wasting asset by the units estimated to be extracted. (correct)
  • By adding the total extracted units to the remaining asset value.
  • By multiplying the total output by the useful life of the asset.
  • When is the straight-line method of depreciation used for mining equipment?

  • When the equipment is movable and can be used for future projects. (correct)
  • When the useful life of the equipment is shorter than that of the wasting asset.
  • When the useful life of the wasting asset is shorter than that of the equipment.
  • When the useful life of the wasting asset is longer than that of the equipment.
  • What does the Trust Fund Doctrine state regarding share capital?

  • Share capital serves only to pay dividends to shareholders.
  • Share capital must be used exclusively for operational costs.
  • Share capital can be returned to shareholders at any time.
  • Share capital is a trust fund intended to protect creditors and cannot be returned during the corporation's lifetime. (correct)
  • What distinguishes the Waste Asset Doctrine from the Trust Fund Doctrine?

    <p>The Waste Asset Doctrine allows corporations to return capital to shareholders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition can a corporation pay dividends, according to the Trust Fund Doctrine?

    <p>If the corporation has positive retained earnings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'exploration and evaluation of mineral resources' primarily involve?

    <p>Searching and assessing mineral resources for extraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is considered an example of exploration and evaluation expenditure?

    <p>Acquisition of rights to explore mineral resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How must an entity treat exploration and evaluation expenditures according to IFRS 6?

    <p>They can qualify as exploration and evaluation assets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a wasting asset?

    <p>A natural resource that is consumed and cannot be replaced (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a topographical or geological study in exploration?

    <p>Environmental impact assessments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied about accounting policies for exploration and evaluation assets under IFRS 6?

    <p>They can continue to use previous policies if relevant and reliable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following contributes to evaluating the commercial viability of extracting a mineral resource?

    <p>Cost analysis of extraction methods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is NOT directly related to exploration and evaluation of mineral resources?

    <p>Marketing of extracted minerals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes wasting assets?

    <p>They are physically consumed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of cost associated with wasting assets?

    <p>Operating Cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acquisition cost of a wasting asset refer to?

    <p>The price paid to obtain the property containing natural resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes exploration costs?

    <p>Expenditures before demonstrating technical feasibility and commercial viability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method capitalizes costs related to dry holes or unsuccessful discoveries?

    <p>Full Cost Method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be deducted from the total acquisition cost to determine the depletable amount?

    <p>Residual land value after extraction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Successful effort accounting treats which costs as capitalized?

    <p>Costs directly related to the discovery of natural resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cost category includes activities like geological studies and exploratory drilling?

    <p>Exploration Cost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes development costs for a natural resource?

    <p>Costs associated with the successful extraction and exploitation of a located resource. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between tangible equipment and intangible development costs?

    <p>Intangible costs are capitalized, while tangible equipment is expensed immediately. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Estimated restoration costs must be capitalized under what condition?

    <p>When obligations arise at the acquisition of the asset as per law or contract. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does depletion refer to in the context of natural resources?

    <p>The systematic allocation of costs of natural resources as they are extracted. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is most commonly used to compute depletion?

    <p>Output or production method. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cost does tangible equipment represent?

    <p>Costs that are set up in a separate account and depreciated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When may estimated restoration costs be netted against the expected residual value?

    <p>When they are added to the cost of resource property. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not constitute a component of development costs?

    <p>Selling and administrative expenses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Depletion Rate Per Unit

    The amount of a wasting asset's value divided by the estimated units to be extracted.

    Depletion Calculation

    Multiply the depletion rate per unit by the number of units extracted during a period to determine the depletion expense.

    Depreciation of Mining Equipment

    The depreciation of mining equipment is based on the shorter of its useful life or the useful life of the wasting asset.

    Trust Fund Doctrine

    A company's capital is like a trust fund for creditors, protecting them. This prevents dividends from being paid out of capital during the company's lifetime.

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    Waste Asset Doctrine

    An entity extracting a natural resource can legally return capital to shareholders, even during the company's lifetime, due to the depletion of the asset.

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    Wasting Asset

    A natural resource that is physically consumed and cannot be replaced by humans.

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    Features of Wasting Assets

    Wasting assets are characterized by physical consumption and irreplaceability.

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    Acquisition Cost

    The price paid to obtain the property containing the natural resource. It's the initial cost of the wasting asset.

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    Residual Land Value

    The value of the land remaining after the natural resource is extracted.

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    Depletable Amount

    The portion of the acquisition cost that is directly related to the natural resource and will be depleted (used up) over time.

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    Exploration Cost

    The expenses incurred to find and assess the feasibility and commercial viability of extracting a natural resource.

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    Successful Effort Method

    A method where only exploration costs directly related to discovering commercially viable resources are capitalized. Unsuccessful exploration costs are expensed.

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    Full Cost Method

    A method where all exploration costs, regardless of success, are capitalized as part of the cost of the successful resource discovery.

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    Development Cost

    The cost of preparing a natural resource for extraction or production after it's been found. This includes tangible equipment (machinery) and intangible costs (drilling, wells).

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    Tangible Equipment

    Physical assets used in resource extraction, like machinery, tunnels, and mine shafts. They are not added to the resource cost but depreciated over time.

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    Intangible Development Cost

    Costs incurred in developing a natural resource, such as drilling, sinking mine shafts, and constructing wells. These costs become part of the resource's value.

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    Estimated Restoration Cost

    The cost of restoring a property to its original condition after resource extraction. This cost can be added to the resource's cost or deducted from its residual value.

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    Depletion

    The gradual process of using up a natural resource. It's the systematic allocation of the resource's cost over the time it is extracted or produced.

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    Output or Production Method

    The common method of calculating depletion, where the resource's cost is divided by the estimated total output or production.

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    Exploration & Evaluation

    The process of searching for mineral resources, including oil and gas, after obtaining legal rights to explore, and then determining if it's technically feasible and commercially viable to extract them.

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    Exploration & Evaluation Expenditures

    Costs incurred during the search for mineral resources and determining their viability, such as acquiring exploration rights, geological studies, sampling, and drilling.

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    Exploration & Evaluation Asset?

    Whether exploration and evaluation expenditures qualify as an asset is not clearly defined by IFRS 6, leaving the decision to the entity.

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    IFRS 6 Treatment of Expenditures

    IFRS 6 allows companies to choose their own accounting policy for recognizing exploration and evaluation assets, including continuing their previous policy if it's relevant and reliable.

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    What are some examples of Exploration & Evaluation Expenditures?

    Examples include acquiring exploration rights, conducting geological studies, sampling, drilling, and general administrative costs directly related to exploration and evaluation activities.

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    What does IFRS 6 mean by 'relevant and reliable'?

    The information provided by a company's accounting policy should be useful and accurate for decision-making, even if it doesn't perfectly align with IFRS 6's specific guidance.

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    Why are Wasting Assets so important?

    Wasting assets are crucial because they are essential resources for many industries, but they are finite and non-renewable, making their management and conservation vital.

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    Study Notes

    Exploration and Evaluation of Mineral Resources

    • Exploration and evaluation of mineral resources involves searching for minerals, oil, natural gas, and similar resources after obtaining legal rights to explore a specific area. It also includes assessing the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting these resources.

    Exploration and Evaluation Expenditures

    • Examples include:
      • Acquisition of exploration rights
      • Topographical, geological, geochemical, and geophysical studies
      • Exploratory drilling
      • Trenching
      • Sampling
      • Activities related to evaluating technical and commercial viability
      • General and administrative costs directly linked to exploration and evaluation

    Treatment of Exploration and Evaluation Expenditures

    • Exploration and evaluation expenditures may qualify as an asset, but the standard doesn't offer clear guidelines.
    • Companies must create their own accounting policies for recognizing such assets.
    • Companies can continue using their existing accounting approach if the resulting information is relevant and reliable.

    Wasting Assets Definition

    • Wasting assets are physical resources such as coal, oil, ore, gold, and silver, with economic value.
    • They're 'wasting' because they are consumed and cannot be replaced immediately by humans, but only by natural processes.
    • Key characteristics: Physical consumption and irreplaceability.

    Cost of Wasting Assets

    • Wasting asset costs include:
      • Acquisition cost (price paid for the property containing the natural resources).
      • Exploration cost (expenditures before technical and commercial viability is confirmed).
      • Development cost (costs to extract the natural resource).
      • Estimated restoration cost (cost to restore the property to its original condition.)

    Acquisition Cost of Wasting Assets

    • Acquisition cost is the initial price of the property that contains the natural resource.
    • It's also the cost of the wasting asset.

    Exploration Cost of Wasting Assets

    • Exploration costs are incurred before confirming technical and commercial extraction viability.
    • These costs include exploration rights, geological studies, exploratory drilling, trenching, and sampling.

    Successful Effort and Full Cost Methods for Exploration Costs

    • Successful Effort: Only capitalize exploration costs directly linked to discovering commercially producible resources. Costs related to unsuccessful discoveries are expensed.
    • Full Cost: Capitalize all exploration costs (successful or unsuccessful) as part of the resource's cost. This method assumes that all exploration activity contributes to the discovery of the resource.

    Development Cost of Wasting Assets

    • Development costs are incurred to extract natural resources located from successful exploration efforts.
      • These costs might include tangible equipment (e.g., machinery) and intangible development costs.

    Tangible and Intangible Development Costs

    • Tangible Equipment: Equipment (e.g., transport equipment, heavy machinery) is depreciated according to standard company policies. It's not directly capitalized as part of the natural resource.
    • Intangible Development Costs: Involve mine shafts, construction wells, etc, and are capitalized as part of the natural resources cost

    Estimated Restoration Cost

    • Estimated restoration cost considers the cost to return a property to its original state.
    • This cost is either added to the resource property's cost or offset against its expected residual value.
    • Capitalization of this cost is linked with legal/contractual obligation arising from the acquisition.

    Depletion Concept

    • Depletion refers to removing, extracting, or exhausting natural resources.
    • It involves systematically allocating the cost of depletable wasting assets over their extraction period.

    Common Depletion Method

    • The common or most-used method is the output method, which involves dividing the total depletable amount of wasting assets by the estimated number of units expected to be extracted. This then calculates depletion rate per unit, used to determine depletion for a given period.

    Depreciation of Tangible Equipment

    • Tangible equipment used in extraction is depreciated, usually based on equipment useful life, or the mineral deposit's useful life, whichever is shorter.
    • A straight-line method is usually employed if equipment useful lifespan is shorter.
    • If mining equipment is mobile and reusable in future projects the equipment depreciates over its useful lifetime using a straight-line method.

    Trust Fund Doctrine

    • Share capital of a corporation is often considered a trust fund for creditors.
    • Dividends cannot surpass retained earnings.
    • Replenishing capital to shareholders requires careful management to adhere to existing financial frameworks.

    Waste Asset Doctrine

    • Wasting asset corporations can return capital to shareholders during their lifetime.
    • Dividend payments can exceed retained earnings to the extent of accumulated depreciation/loss in a corporate entity.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the processes involved in the exploration and evaluation of mineral resources, including the assessment of technical feasibility and commercial viability. It delves into various expenditures associated with these activities and the treatment of these costs as potential assets. Test your knowledge on the legal, geological, and financial aspects of mineral resource exploration.

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