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Questions and Answers
Which of the following cellular processes is most directly associated with merocrine secretion?
Which of the following cellular processes is most directly associated with merocrine secretion?
- Intracellular accumulation of secretory products.
- Exocytosis. (correct)
- Apical membrane blebbing.
- Holistic cell lysis.
What is the primary structural difference between simple and compound exocrine glands?
What is the primary structural difference between simple and compound exocrine glands?
- The presence of myoepithelial cells.
- The shape of the secretory portion.
- The type of secretion produced.
- The degree of duct branching. (correct)
A gland that releases its secretion through the rupture of the entire cell is classified as which of the following?
A gland that releases its secretion through the rupture of the entire cell is classified as which of the following?
- Endocrine.
- Merocrine.
- Apocrine.
- Holocrine. (correct)
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes endocrine glands from exocrine glands?
Which secretion type is characterized by a thick, glycoprotein-rich product?
Which secretion type is characterized by a thick, glycoprotein-rich product?
In the context of gland development, what determines whether a gland becomes exocrine rather than endocrine?
In the context of gland development, what determines whether a gland becomes exocrine rather than endocrine?
What is the role of myoepithelial cells in exocrine glands?
What is the role of myoepithelial cells in exocrine glands?
Which secretion mechanism results in cellular damage?
Which secretion mechanism results in cellular damage?
How are exocrine glands classified based on the shape of their secretory units?
How are exocrine glands classified based on the shape of their secretory units?
Which cell type is exclusively associated with exocrine glands and aids in the expulsion of secretions?
Which cell type is exclusively associated with exocrine glands and aids in the expulsion of secretions?
What is the fundamental process by which glands develop from epithelial tissue?
What is the fundamental process by which glands develop from epithelial tissue?
Salivary glands are an example of which type of secretion?
Salivary glands are an example of which type of secretion?
Which of the following secretion types contains both serous and mucous components within the same gland?
Which of the following secretion types contains both serous and mucous components within the same gland?
Endocrine glands differ fundamentally from exocrine glands in that endocrine glands:
Endocrine glands differ fundamentally from exocrine glands in that endocrine glands:
Which type of exocrine gland exhibits unbranched ducts?
Which type of exocrine gland exhibits unbranched ducts?
Which of the following is an example of a gland that utilizes apocrine secretion?
Which of the following is an example of a gland that utilizes apocrine secretion?
What characteristic defines serous secretions?
What characteristic defines serous secretions?
Which exocrine gland type is best described as having a round, sac-like secretory shape?
Which exocrine gland type is best described as having a round, sac-like secretory shape?
Which of the following BEST describes the secretions of sebaceous glands?
Which of the following BEST describes the secretions of sebaceous glands?
A histological sample of a gland shows branched ducts connecting to multiple tubular secretory units. This gland would be classified as:
A histological sample of a gland shows branched ducts connecting to multiple tubular secretory units. This gland would be classified as:
What cellular feature primarily facilitates the function of myoepithelial cells?
What cellular feature primarily facilitates the function of myoepithelial cells?
Compared to serous glands, mucous glands are MOST likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics?
Compared to serous glands, mucous glands are MOST likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics?
If a developing gland loses its connection to the surface epithelium and becomes surrounded by capillaries, what type of gland will it differentiate into?
If a developing gland loses its connection to the surface epithelium and becomes surrounded by capillaries, what type of gland will it differentiate into?
Which combination of gland classification and secretory product is CORRECT?
Which combination of gland classification and secretory product is CORRECT?
How does the secretion process of merocrine glands differ from that of apocrine glands?
How does the secretion process of merocrine glands differ from that of apocrine glands?
Which gland is MOST likely to be associated with a rich capillary network surrounding its secretory cells?
Which gland is MOST likely to be associated with a rich capillary network surrounding its secretory cells?
Consider a gland that produces a secretion containing both watery, enzyme-rich components and glycoprotein-rich mucus. This gland is BEST classified as:
Consider a gland that produces a secretion containing both watery, enzyme-rich components and glycoprotein-rich mucus. This gland is BEST classified as:
Unlike endocrine glands, exocrine glands typically:
Unlike endocrine glands, exocrine glands typically:
A pathologist examining a gland biopsy observes cell fragments within the secretory product. Which secretory mechanism is MOST likely at play?
A pathologist examining a gland biopsy observes cell fragments within the secretory product. Which secretory mechanism is MOST likely at play?
Based SOLELY on their mechanisms of secretion, which pair of glands are MOST similar?
Based SOLELY on their mechanisms of secretion, which pair of glands are MOST similar?
If a gland is described as "tubuloacinar", what does this imply about its structure?
If a gland is described as "tubuloacinar", what does this imply about its structure?
Myoepithelial cells contribute to glandular function through what primary action?
Myoepithelial cells contribute to glandular function through what primary action?
Cells of endocrine glands would likely contain more:
Cells of endocrine glands would likely contain more:
Assume a scientist introduces a mutation that prevents epithelial cells from invaginating during gland development. What outcome is MOST likely?
Assume a scientist introduces a mutation that prevents epithelial cells from invaginating during gland development. What outcome is MOST likely?
Given that mammary glands secrete milk via apocrine secretion, what cellular components would be MOST prominent in their secretions?
Given that mammary glands secrete milk via apocrine secretion, what cellular components would be MOST prominent in their secretions?
Which statement accurately captures a key difference between serous and mucous exocrine secretions?
Which statement accurately captures a key difference between serous and mucous exocrine secretions?
Which feature would classify a gland as compound rather than simple?
Which feature would classify a gland as compound rather than simple?
During embryonic development, if a group of epithelial cells invaginates into the underlying connective tissue but maintains its connection to the surface epithelium via a duct, which type of gland will most likely result?
During embryonic development, if a group of epithelial cells invaginates into the underlying connective tissue but maintains its connection to the surface epithelium via a duct, which type of gland will most likely result?
A researcher is studying a new drug that inhibits the function of myoepithelial cells. Which of the following exocrine gland functions would be MOST directly affected by this drug?
A researcher is studying a new drug that inhibits the function of myoepithelial cells. Which of the following exocrine gland functions would be MOST directly affected by this drug?
A gland is described as having a branched duct with multiple acinar secretory units. Which classification BEST fits this description?
A gland is described as having a branched duct with multiple acinar secretory units. Which classification BEST fits this description?
If a drug were designed to selectively disrupt the exocytosis process in glandular cells, which type of secretion would be MOST affected?
If a drug were designed to selectively disrupt the exocytosis process in glandular cells, which type of secretion would be MOST affected?
A biopsy of a salivary gland reveals cells with prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous Golgi complexes. Which type of secretion are these cells PRIMARILY associated with?
A biopsy of a salivary gland reveals cells with prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous Golgi complexes. Which type of secretion are these cells PRIMARILY associated with?
Flashcards
What are glands?
What are glands?
Specialized epithelial structures that produce and secrete substances.
What are exocrine glands?
What are exocrine glands?
Glands that secrete via ducts.
What are endocrine glands?
What are endocrine glands?
Glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood without ducts.
How do glands develop?
How do glands develop?
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How do exocrine glands develop?
How do exocrine glands develop?
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How do endocrine glands develop?
How do endocrine glands develop?
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What are myoepithelial cells?
What are myoepithelial cells?
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What are simple exocrine glands?
What are simple exocrine glands?
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What are compound exocrine glands?
What are compound exocrine glands?
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What is a tubular gland?
What is a tubular gland?
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What is an acinar (alveolar) gland?
What is an acinar (alveolar) gland?
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What is merocrine secretion?
What is merocrine secretion?
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What is apocrine secretion?
What is apocrine secretion?
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What is holocrine secretion?
What is holocrine secretion?
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What is serous secretion?
What is serous secretion?
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What is mucous secretion?
What is mucous secretion?
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What is mixed (seromucous) secretion?
What is mixed (seromucous) secretion?
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Study Notes
Exocrine Gland Classification by Ducts
- Simple exocrine glands have unbranched ducts
- Compound exocrine glands have branched ducts
Exocrine Gland Classification by Secretory Shape
- Tubular glands are tube-shaped
- Acinar (alveolar) glands are round and sac-like
Glands
- Specialized epithelial structures produce and secrete substances
- Glands are either exocrine using ducts, or endocrine secreting directly into the blood
Gland Development
- Glands form through the invagination of epithelium into connective tissue
- Exocrine glands maintain a connection to the surface
- Endocrine glands lose their connection and are surrounded by capillaries
Myoepithelial Cells
- Contractile cells located at the base of acini
- Aid in squeezing secretions out into ducts
- Found only in exocrine glands
Endocrine Glands
- These glands lack ducts, secreting hormones directly into the blood
- They are surrounded by a rich capillary network
Secretion Modes
- Merocrine secretion occurs through exocytosis without causing cell damage (e.g., salivary glands)
- Apocrine secretion involves pinching off the apical cytoplasm (e.g., mammary glands)
- Holocrine secretion involves the entire cell bursting (e.g., sebaceous glands)
Secretion Types
- Serous secretions are watery, protein-rich, and enzyme-secreting
- Mucous secretions are thick, glycoprotein-rich mucus
- Mixed (seromucous) secretions contain both serous and mucous components in the same gland
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