Existentialism: Freedom, Choice, and the Concept of Nothing

Study Notes

"Nothing" refers to the absence of inherent meaning or purpose in life
Humans are born into a seemingly meaningless world, and must create their own purpose
This concept is often referred to as "the abyss" or "the void"

Jean-Paul Sartre: Coined the term "existentialism" and emphasized the concept of "nothing" as the foundation of human freedom
Martin Heidegger: Focused on the concept of "Being" and the human experience of "nothingness"
Albert Camus: Explored the concept of "nothing" in the context of absurdism and the human search for meaning

Freedom and Responsibility: Humans have complete freedom to create their own meaning, but also bear the responsibility for their choices
Anxiety and Angst: The concept of "nothing" can lead to feelings of anxiety and angst, as individuals must confront the uncertainty of their existence
Authenticity: Existentialists believe that individuals must take responsibility for their own lives and create their own authentic meaning, rather than relying on external sources.

Existentialism emphasizes individual freedom and choice, focusing on the human experience and the inherent meaninglessness of life.
It's a philosophical movement that highlights the human's responsibility to create their own meaning in life.

"Nothing" represents the absence of inherent meaning or purpose in life, making humans responsible for creating their own purpose.
Humans are born into a seemingly meaningless world, and must take responsibility for creating their own meaning.
This concept is often referred to as "the abyss" or "the void," symbolizing the uncertainty and ambiguity of human existence.

Jean-Paul Sartre coined the term "existentialism" and emphasized the concept of "nothing" as the foundation of human freedom.
Martin Heidegger focused on the concept of "Being" and the human experience of "nothingness," exploring the fundamental question of human existence.
Albert Camus explored the concept of "nothing" in the context of absurdism and the human search for meaning, highlighting the tension between humanity's desire for meaning and the apparent meaninglessness of the world.

Humans have complete freedom to create their own meaning, but also bear the responsibility for their choices, leading to a sense of freedom and responsibility.
The concept of "nothing" can lead to feelings of anxiety and angst, as individuals must confront the uncertainty of their existence and the weight of their responsibility.
Authenticity is a key aspect of existentialism, as individuals must take responsibility for their own lives and create their own authentic meaning, rather than relying on external sources.

Nepal is a landlocked country located in South Asia, surrounded by India on three sides and Tibet (China) to the north
Covers a total area of 147,181 km²
Features diverse terrain, including the Himalayan Mountains, hills, and plains (Terai region)
Home to the highest peak in the world, Mount Everest, standing at 8,848 m
Major rivers flowing through the country include Kali Gandaki, Narayani, Karnali, and Mahakali

Nepal experiences a varied climate, ranging from tropical to arctic
Divided into five distinct climatic zones: tropical, subtropical, temperate, alpine, and arctic
Monsoon season occurs from June to September, bringing significant rainfall

Nepal has an estimated population of 31 million people (2020)
Comprises diverse ethnic groups, including Bahun, Chhetri, Magar, Tharu, Tamang, Newar, and others
Nepali (Gorkhali) is the official language, with other languages spoken including Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tharu, Tamang, and others

Agriculture is the backbone of Nepal's economy, with major crops being rice, maize, wheat, and potatoes
Tourism, remittances, and manufacturing (textiles, carpets, and garments) are significant industries
GDP per capita stands at approximately $1,000 (2020 estimate)

The ancient kingdom of Nepal was founded in 1768 by Prithvi Narayan Shah
The Rana dynasty ruled Nepal from 1846 to 1951
A democratic monarchy was established in 1990, with a constitutional monarchy and a multi-party system
Nepal declared itself a Federal Democratic Republic in 2008

Hinduism and Buddhism are the dominant religions in Nepal
Notable festivals include Dashain, Tihar, and Buddha Jayanti
Traditional Nepali cuisine includes dal bhat, momos, gorkhali lamb, and sel roti
Folk music and dance, such as dhime and lakhey nach, are an integral part of Nepali culture