Exercise Science Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

VO2 = The volume of oxygen body consumes at a given point Cardiac Output = The amount of blood the heart pumps per minute VO2 MAX = Maximal oxygen consumption during exercise a-v O2 difference = The difference in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood

Match the following heat loss mechanisms with their descriptions:

Radiation = Heat leaving from the blood in the skin Sweating = Causes evaporation which cools the body Convection = Heat loss caused by moving air, like a fan Conduction = Heat loss from contact with a cold surface

Match the following oxygen consumption types with their expressions:

Absolute VO2 = Expressed in L/min Relative VO2 = Expressed in ml/kg/min Average a-v O2 difference at rest = 5 ml per 100 ml of blood Average a-v O2 difference during exercise = 15-20 ml per 100 ml of blood

Match the following physiological responses to exercise with their characteristics:

Acute response = Increase in blood flow to working muscles Chronic response = Increase in capillary density Blood plasma volume increase = More plasma proteins present Smaller blood vessel diameter = Causes slower blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of blood distribution during activity with their percentages:

Skeletal muscles = 73% of blood during activity Skin = 11% of blood during activity Brain = Stays approximately the same Lungs = Handles gas exchange and remains consistent Signup and view all the answers

Match the following energy systems with their characteristics:

Anaerobic = Fast ATP production, low yield Aerobic = Delayed production, high yield Phosphagen system = ATP production occurs in skeletal muscles Glycolysis = Produces pyruvate and lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their roles in energy production:

Creatine kinase = Transfers phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP Lactate = Can be converted back to glucose in the liver Hydrogen ions = Can increase acidity inside the cell ATP = Necessary for muscle contractions Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Steady-state = Energy needs met by energy produced EPOC = Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption Resting VO2 = Oxygen consumption at rest Krebs Cycle = Pathway in aerobic metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Exercise science = A theory-based, research-led discipline studying physiological aspects of exercise Exercise physiology = Focus on the body's responses and adaptations to physical activity Biomechanics = Study of movement in clinical and sports performance contexts Nutrition = Guidance on what to eat to enhance exercise performance Signup and view all the answers

Match each type of activity with its description:

Physical activity = Activities of daily living including all human movements Exercise = Structured movement aimed at improving fitness and performance Sport = Competitive physical activity involving skills and competition Clinical exercise physiology = Focus on special populations with specific health concerns Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of metabolism with their locations:

Anaerobic metabolism = Occurs in the cytosol Aerobic metabolism = Occurs in the mitochondria Glycolysis = Takes place in the cytosol Electron transport chain = Occurs in the mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Match the MET values with their corresponding intensity levels:

1 MET = Equivalent to the amount of oxygen consumed at rest 3 MET = Moderate-intensity activity consuming 3 times more oxygen than at rest 6 MET = Higher moderate-intensity activities leading to greater oxygen consumption 15 MET = High-intensity activities, significant oxygen demand beyond moderate levels Signup and view all the answers

Match the following substrates with their metabolic pathways:

Glucose = Used in both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism Fatty acids = Substrate in aerobic metabolism Amino acids = Substrate in aerobic pathways Creatine phosphate = Used in the phosphagen system Signup and view all the answers

Match the key principles of exercise with their descriptions:

Overload = Stress the body system to adapt and improve performance Progression = Gradually increasing intensity or load over time Specificity = Adaptations are specific to the stress applied Reversibility = Loss of fitness adaptations when activity is reduced or stopped Signup and view all the answers

Match the following durations with the relevant energy system:

Phosphagen = Up to 10 seconds Anaerobic = 30 seconds to 2 minutes Aerobic = Long-term workouts Creatine phosphate = Stored in skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components to their respective health benefits:

Physical activity = Decreased risk of diseases and early death Regular exercise = Improves fitness and day-to-day functioning Nutrition = Supports exercise recovery and performance Stress adaptation = Enhances overall physical fitness and endurance Signup and view all the answers

Match the following effects of anaerobic metabolism:

Rapid ATP production = Short duration energy Lactic acid production = Results in hydrogen ions buildup Pyruvate creation = Intermediate in anaerobic glycolysis Glycogen utilization = Source of glucose for energy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following facts about exercise recovery:

Breathing heavily = Sign of EPOC 24 hours = Duration of potential elevated oxygen consumption Restoration phase = Recovery after maximum effort 0.2 liters a minute = Resting VO2 rate at rest Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their explanations:

Relative VO2 = Oxygen consumption in relation to body weight at rest Absolute VO2 = Total oxygen consumption per minute, regardless of body weight Moderate-intensity activity = Activity requiring 3-6 METs of oxygen consumption MET-minutes = Measurement of physical activity intensity calculated by MET value and duration Signup and view all the answers

Match each term with its related aspect of fitness:

Physically fit = Ability to perform daily activities without fatigue Adaptation = Body's response to stress or exercise Intensity = Level of effort put into physical activity Training = Structured process aimed at improving physical abilities Signup and view all the answers

Match the following exercise goals with their corresponding actions:

Improving cardiovascular endurance = Engaging in aerobic activities like running Increasing muscle strength = Performing resistance exercises like weight lifting Enhancing flexibility = Incorporating stretching routines Building stamina = Participating in prolonged physical activities Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of fatigue with their descriptions:

Central fatigue = Originates at the central nervous system, decreasing neural drive to muscles Peripheral fatigue = Changes at or distal to the neuromuscular junction Muscle fatigue = Decrease in maximal force in response to contractile activity Hypoxia = Low blood oxygen carrying capacity Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of blood with their descriptions:

Plasma = Liquid component of blood containing water and solutes Red blood cells = Transport oxygen, binding to hemoglobin White blood cells = Part of the immune system, help stop bleeding Hematocrit = Percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample Signup and view all the answers

Match the functions of blood with their purposes:

Transport = Delivers proteins, nutrients, hormones, and heat Regulation = Maintains body temperature and hormone levels Protection = Involves white blood cells in immune response Clotting = Involves platelets to prevent excessive bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Match the cardiac metrics with their definitions:

Heart rate = Number of times the heart beats per minute Stroke volume = Amount of blood ejected from the ventricles per beat Cardiac output = Volume of blood ejected from the heart each minute Average resting heart rate = Typically between 60-80 BPM Signup and view all the answers

Match the blood doping risks with their potential outcomes:

Hypertension = Increased blood pressure Renal damage = Kidney dysfunction due to high blood viscosity Stroke = Could lead to sudden loss of brain function Swelling = Increased pressure in blood vessels leading to edema Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cardiac adaptations with their types:

Acute adaptations = Short-lived changes observed during exercise Chronic adaptations = Long-term changes resulting from regular exercise Increased resting heart rate = Not typical after training Lower resting heart rate = Common with improved cardiovascular fitness Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of blood vessels to their functions:

Arteries = Transport blood away from the heart Veins = Transport blood to the heart Capillaries = Site of nutrient exchange due to thin walls Venules = Small vessels collecting blood from capillaries Signup and view all the answers

Match the effects of high and low hematocrit with their descriptions:

Low hematocrit = Low rate of delivering oxygen to tissues High hematocrit = High rate of delivering oxygen to tissues Blood doping = Method to boost hematocrit rate Renal damage = Potential risk of excessive hematocrit Signup and view all the answers

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