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Questions and Answers
What is the primary site of aerobic glycolysis?
What is the primary site of aerobic glycolysis?
What is the byproduct of the electron transport chain?
What is the byproduct of the electron transport chain?
What is the primary function of the cristae in mitochondria?
What is the primary function of the cristae in mitochondria?
What is the result of combining the three stages of the aerobic system?
What is the result of combining the three stages of the aerobic system?
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What is the primary adaptation resulting from aerobic training programs?
What is the primary adaptation resulting from aerobic training programs?
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What is the site of the Krebs cycle?
What is the site of the Krebs cycle?
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What is the primary function of the aerobic system during long-duration, low-to-moderate intensity activities?
What is the primary function of the aerobic system during long-duration, low-to-moderate intensity activities?
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What is the relationship between aerobic capacity and athletic performance?
What is the relationship between aerobic capacity and athletic performance?
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What is the end product of Stage 1 of the aerobic system?
What is the end product of Stage 1 of the aerobic system?
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Where does the electron transport chain take place in the mitochondria?
Where does the electron transport chain take place in the mitochondria?
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What is the net ATP production from the complete breakdown of 1 mole of glucose in the aerobic system?
What is the net ATP production from the complete breakdown of 1 mole of glucose in the aerobic system?
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What is the role of coenzyme A in the Krebs cycle?
What is the role of coenzyme A in the Krebs cycle?
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What is the byproduct of the Krebs cycle?
What is the byproduct of the Krebs cycle?
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How do aerobic training programs enhance aerobic capacity?
How do aerobic training programs enhance aerobic capacity?
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What is the purpose of the matrix in the mitochondria?
What is the purpose of the matrix in the mitochondria?
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Study Notes
Review of Previous Topics
- Muscle fiber types: slow oxidative (type 1), fast oxidative glycolytic (type 2a), and fast glycolytic (type 2b)
- Energy systems: ATP-PC system and glycolytic system
- Components of fitness and ergogenic aids
Aerobic Physiology
- Aerobic system provides energy during long-duration, low-to-moderate intensity activities (e.g., marathons, triathlons, cross-country skiing)
- Aerobic capacity is enhanced by cardiovascular adaptations resulting from aerobic training programs
Key Terms
- Mitochondria: a structure within the cell where aerobic respiration takes place
- Matrix: where the Krebs cycle takes place
- Crista: where the electron transport chain takes place
Aerobic System
- Stage 1: Aerobic Glycolysis
- Takes place in the muscle sarcoplasm
- Breaks down glycogen into glucose, then into pyruvic acid
- Produces 2 ATP
- Stage 2: Krebs Cycle
- Takes place in the mitochondrial matrix
- Pyruvic acid joins with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA
- Acetyl-CoA joins with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid
- Produces 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen
- Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
- Takes place in the mitochondrial cristae
- Hydrogen atoms are carried through the electron transport chain via NAD and FAD
- Produces 34 ATP
- When all three stages are combined, 1 mole of glucose produces 38 moles of ATP
Importance of Aerobic Capacity
- Higher performers have a higher aerobic capacity, allowing for faster oxygen delivery and increased aerobic energy production
Review of Previous Topics
- Muscle fibers classified into three types: slow oxidative (type 1), fast oxidative glycolytic (type 2a), and fast glycolytic (type 2b)
- Two primary energy systems: ATP-PC system and glycolytic system
- Components of fitness and ergogenic aids are essential concepts in exercise physiology
Aerobic Physiology
- Aerobic system provides energy for prolonged, low-to-moderate intensity activities (e.g., marathons, triathlons, cross-country skiing)
- Aerobic capacity improves with cardiovascular adaptations resulting from aerobic training programs
Key Terms
- Mitochondria: site of aerobic respiration
- Mitochondrial matrix: location of the Krebs cycle
- Mitochondrial cristae: location of the electron transport chain
Aerobic System
- Stage 1: Aerobic Glycolysis
- Occurs in muscle sarcoplasm
- Breaks down glycogen into glucose, then pyruvic acid
- Produces 2 ATP
- Stage 2: Krebs Cycle
- Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
- Pyruvic acid forms acetyl-CoA, then citric acid
- Produces 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen
- Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
- Occurs in mitochondrial cristae
- Hydrogen atoms are carried through the electron transport chain via NAD and FAD
- Produces 34 ATP
- Combined, 1 mole of glucose produces 38 moles of ATP
Importance of Aerobic Capacity
- Higher aerobic capacity enables faster oxygen delivery and increased aerobic energy production
- Elite performers have higher aerobic capacity, allowing for enhanced athletic performance
Review of Previous Topics
- Muscle fibers classified into three types: slow oxidative (type 1), fast oxidative glycolytic (type 2a), and fast glycolytic (type 2b)
- Two primary energy systems: ATP-PC system and glycolytic system
- Components of fitness and ergogenic aids are essential concepts in exercise physiology
Aerobic Physiology
- Aerobic system provides energy for prolonged, low-to-moderate intensity activities (e.g., marathons, triathlons, cross-country skiing)
- Aerobic capacity improves with cardiovascular adaptations resulting from aerobic training programs
Key Terms
- Mitochondria: site of aerobic respiration
- Mitochondrial matrix: location of the Krebs cycle
- Mitochondrial cristae: location of the electron transport chain
Aerobic System
- Stage 1: Aerobic Glycolysis
- Occurs in muscle sarcoplasm
- Breaks down glycogen into glucose, then pyruvic acid
- Produces 2 ATP
- Stage 2: Krebs Cycle
- Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
- Pyruvic acid forms acetyl-CoA, then citric acid
- Produces 2 ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen
- Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
- Occurs in mitochondrial cristae
- Hydrogen atoms are carried through the electron transport chain via NAD and FAD
- Produces 34 ATP
- Combined, 1 mole of glucose produces 38 moles of ATP
Importance of Aerobic Capacity
- Higher aerobic capacity enables faster oxygen delivery and increased aerobic energy production
- Elite performers have higher aerobic capacity, allowing for enhanced athletic performance
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Description
Review of exercise physiology covering muscle fiber types, energy systems, components of fitness, and aerobic physiology. Explore how the body responds to physical activity.
