eschatologia

V texte sa hovorí o trojakej smrti človeka, ktorá zahrnuje telesnú, duchovnú a večnú smrť (Štefan Dubravec).

Telesná smrť znamená stratu telesného života, oddelenie duše od tela (Biblické podklady, Magistérium Dogma).

Duša nezaniká po smrti, čaká na vzkriesenie tela (Biblické podklady, Magistérium Dogma).

Duchovná smrť je strata duchovného života a svätosti, tj. stav človeka žijúceho v ťažkom hriechu (Štefan Dubravec).

Večná smrť znamená stratu neba, večné zatratenie v pekle (Biblické podklady, Magistérium Dogma).

Človek po smrti zostávaja z tela a z duše, čakajú na osobný súd pred Božím kráľom Kristom (Biblické podklady, Magistérium Dogma).

Osobný súd je človekova očisťovanie před Božou tvárą, môže prebiehať aj s skupinou obžalovaných, a je založená na personalistickému zameraní človeka (Biblické podklady, Teologické zdroje).

Nemá sa zhodnosť medzi všetkami zhodnotením osobného súdu a kontinuitou člověka (Magistérium Dogma).

Nebo (raj) je posledným cieľom a uskutočnením najhlbších túžob človeka, stav nejvyššieho a večného šťastia, večný život, podľa biblických podkladov, tradície a magisteríum dogm (Chovanec, Poznámky zo prednášok).

Osobný súd pozná tri rozsudky: očisťovanie, nebeská blaženosť, a pekelné zatratenie (Chovanec).

Niektorí teológia domnievajú, že osobný súd bude aj za prítomnosti anjela strážcu (Štefan Dubravec).

Eschatologia (about the community of saints in heaven and the purifiers)

Eschatology in the Old and New Testament is a complex and multifaceted reference to the "great hope" that does not necessarily have to be connected to the concept of afterlife.

Eschatology in the Old Testament reveals a three-tiered understanding of the truth about the immortality of the human soul.

• The realm of the dead (Sheol) is a place of shadows and non-existence, where both body and soul perish.
• Initially, the manifestation of God's compassion was seen in the natural gifts of long life, health, wealth, and large families.
• New Testament eschatology provides four main views on eschatological truths, centered on Jesus Christ and his deeds, death, and resurrection.
• The synoptic Gospels present the core of Jesus' teaching as "God's kingdom," with the coming of the kingdom signaling the end of time.
• The eschatological signs and the final days will be marked by persecutions and catastrophes.
• A person prepares their role in this by their own actions, with the ultimate decision being in relation to Christ.
• Irrespective of when the end will come, it is essential to remain constantly vigilant.

Rahner's principles for modern eschatology view eternity not as an infinite time span, but as a means of actualizing spirituality and freedom in the present.

• The Eucharist, with the transformation of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ, brings about radical change within the created order.
• Creation is summoned to undergo this transformation, allowing God to be "all in all" (1 Cor 15:28).
• Rahner believed that the soul in the interworld has contact with the material world, which revives and forms the so-called first matter, making it "cosmic."
• The understanding of the interworld is objective and precisely defined – from the first human death to the Parousia.
• However, from the subjective perspective, the duration of the interworld varies – it begins with the death of an individual and ends with their resurrection.
• God's revelation plays a crucial role:
  • as a guarantee for those who have discovered the immortality of the soul;
  • as a purifying agent for those who have discovered immortality but not yet in a pure state; and
  • as a revealing agent for those who have yet to discover the immortality of the soul.

The human being, as the pinnacle of creation, is a unity of body and soul.

• Each human being, as an individual, is significant in the eyes of God: "What is man that you are mindful of him? And the son of man, that you care for him?" (Ps 8:5).
• The human being is a spiritual and immortal being, created by God for God.
• The individual eschatology teaches that each person has a personal end, reflecting their unique significance.
• Humans are both material and spiritual beings (Gen 2:7) – possessing a body and a soul.
• The individual eschatology emphasizes the importance of the personal relationship between the individual and God, with various aspects including the judgment of works, purification, and glory.
• The ultimate goal is to transcend the limitations of the material world and achieve the ultimate fulfillment of union with God.