8 Questions
Match the following excretory organs with their primary excreted waste products:
Skin = Excretes water, salt, and small amounts of urea Lungs = Excrete both carbon dioxide and water Urinary system = Excretes water and urea
Match the following kidney layers with their descriptions:
Medulla = Middle layer of the kidney Cortex = Outer layer of the kidney Pelvis = Inner layer of the kidney
Match the following kidney components with their functions:
Bladder = Contracts and empties the urine through the urethra Adrenal gland = Located on top of each kidney Renal artery = Brings blood to the kidney for filtration Renal vein = Carries filtered and purified blood away from the kidney
Match the following bodily fluid responses with their causes:
Diluted bodily fluids = Causes all chemical reactions to slow down Producing weak, watery pale urine = Increases concentrations back to their proper levels
Match the following terms with their description:
Diuresis = Production of large quantities of water Nephron = Structure in the kidney which produces urine ADH = Hormone that conserves water by making the collecting duct more permeable Ultrafiltration = Process of blood plasma passing through the pores in the glomerulus wall
Match the following substances with their location of reabsorption in the nephron:
Glucose, amino acids, vitamins, salt, and water = Proximal convoluted tubule Water = Loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule Large proteins and blood cells = Not reabsorbed Final water balance regulation = Collecting duct under the influence of ADH
Match the following with their role in urine formation:
Proximal convoluted tubule cells = Contain many mitochondria for active transport of substances Pituitary gland = Produces anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Sphincter muscle = Prevents the bladder from leaking Hypothalamus = Monitors blood dilution and signals the pituitary gland to regulate ADH production
Match the following actions with their effects on urine production:
Drinking a lot of water = Decreases ADH production, making collecting ducts less permeable Increase in blood concentration = Increases ADH production, making collecting ducts more permeable ADH = Stops diuresis by making collecting ducts more permeable to reabsorb water Diuresis = Production of large quantities of watery urine
Study Notes
Excretory Organs and Waste Products
- Liver: bile salts and bilirubin
- Lungs: carbon dioxide and water
- Skin: water, salt, and urea
- Kidneys: urea, uric acid, and creatinine
- Large intestine: water, electrolytes, and bilirubin
Kidney Layers and Descriptions
- Renal cortex: outer layer, contains glomeruli and proximal convoluted tubules
- Renal medulla: inner layer, contains distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
- Renal pelvis: funnel-shaped structure, collects urine from calyces
Kidney Components and Functions
- Glomerulus: filters blood, regulates blood pressure
- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT): reabsorbs nutrients and ions, secretes waste
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT): regulates electrolyte levels, pH balance
- Collecting duct: regulates water reabsorption, pH balance
- Ureter: transports urine to urinary bladder
Bodily Fluid Responses and Causes
- Dehydration: reduced blood volume, increased osmolality
- Hypertension: increased blood pressure, renal blood flow
- Edema: increased fluid retention, increased hydrostatic pressure
Terms and Descriptions
- Glomerular filtration rate (GFR): rate of blood filtration through glomeruli
- Net filtration pressure (NFP): sum of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures
- Osmolality: measure of solute concentration in bodily fluids
Substances and Reabsorption Locations
- Glucose, amino acids, and ions: proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
- Sodium ions: distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and collecting duct
- Water: collecting duct
Urine Formation and Roles
- Glomerular filtration: filters blood, forms filtrate
- Tubular reabsorption: reabsorbs essential nutrients and ions
- Tubular secretion: secretes waste products into filtrate
- Urine concentration: regulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Actions and Effects on Urine Production
- Increased ADH: increases water reabsorption, concentrated urine
- Decreased ADH: decreases water reabsorption, dilute urine
- Diuretics: increases urine production, decreased blood volume
Test your knowledge of the excretory system in the human body with this quiz. Learn about the organs involved in excretion, including the skin, lungs, and urinary system. Understand the role of each organ in removing waste products such as water, salt, urea, and carbon dioxide from the body.
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