Excretory System Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which structure carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidney?

  • Urethra
  • Renal artery
  • Ureter
  • Renal vein (correct)

    • The nephron is responsible for reabsorbing essential solutes and water back into the blood.

    True

    What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidney?

    Blood filtration

    The _____ carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

    <p>ureters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures of the excretory system with their functions:

    <p>Renal artery = Carries oxygenated blood to the kidney Urethra = Carries urine out of the body Bowman's Capsule = Site of fluid and solute filtration Ureters = Carries urine from the kidney to the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT transported across during filtration in the kidneys?

    <p>Blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The proximal tubule is involved in the reabsorption of glucose and water.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Bowman’s capsule in the kidney?

    <p>To catch everything pushed out of the blood during filtration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of __________ involves the movement of substances out of the tubules across interstitial fluid into the blood of capillaries.

    <p>reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures with their function:

    <p>Efferent arteriole = Carries filtered blood away from the glomerulus Afferent arteriole = Brings unfiltered blood to the glomerulus Glomerulus = Site of filtration Proximal Tubule = Site of reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the nephron?

    <p>Water and solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and hormones are reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to NaCl in the ascending Loop of Henle?

    <p>NaCl is removed by active transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the descending Loop of Henle, water travels into the blood by ______.

    <p>osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sections of the Loop of Henle with their characteristics:

    <p>Descending Loop = Permeable to water, impermeable to solutes Ascending Loop = Impermeable to water, permeable to solutes Thin segment of the descending loop = Main site for water reabsorption Thin segment of the ascending loop = Main site for NaCl reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the excretory system?

    <p>To remove metabolic waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Urea is more toxic than ammonia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of the excretory system?

    <p>Kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The filtering units in the kidneys are called __________.

    <p>nephrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following waste products with their sources:

    <p>Ammonia = Breakdown of proteins Urea = Conversion of ammonia in the liver Uric acid = Breakdown of nucleic acids Water = Regulated by kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the body's blood supply can be found in the kidneys at any given moment?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In unicellular organisms, all cells can easily get nutrients and excrete waste by diffusion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to ammonia in the liver?

    <p>It is converted to urea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is primarily reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule when the body is dehydrated?

    <p>NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The collecting duct is responsible for the excretion of excess water and creatinine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glomerulus?

    <p>Blood filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drinking ocean water leads to ____ in the body due to high salt content.

    <p>dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the substances with their respective processes in the nephron:

    <p>Urea = Excretion NaCl = Reabsorption Excess H+ ions = Secretion Water = Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone primarily regulates Na+ and water permeability in the nephron?

    <p>Aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive sweating decreases urine concentration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to urine concentration during cold weather?

    <p>It becomes dilute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Excretion Overview

    • Excretion is the process of removing metabolic waste.
    • Single-celled organisms like amoeba use simple diffusion to remove waste.
    • Multicellular organisms need organ systems for excretion.

    Excretory System Anatomy

    • The excretory system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
    • Kidneys are the main filtering organs.
    • Other structures are involved in transporting and storing waste.
      • Kidneys are fist-sized, bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine within the abdominal wall.
      • About 25% of the body's blood supply passes through the kidneys.

    Excretory System Function

    • The excretory system filters blood.
    • Wastes are removed (excretion).
    • Fluids like water are kept constant (osmoregulation).

    Waste Removal

    • Deamination breaks down proteins, producing nitrogen waste (toxic ammonia).
    • Ammonia is converted to urea (less toxic) in the liver.
    • The body removes urea, excess water, and other wastes.
    • These wastes are removed in urine.
    • Uric acid is a waste product from nucleic acid breakdown.

    Nephron Structure

    • Nephrons are tiny filtering structures inside the kidneys.
    • The nephrons each have a set role
    • Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons.
    • Nephrons consist of tubes (tubules) and a blood supply.
    • Glomerulus is the curled up mass of capillaries for filtering blood
    • Bowman's capsule catches the substances pushed out of the blood (filtrate).
    • filtrate is the filtered blood, containing mostly water, salt, sugars, urea, and other wastes.
    • The filtrate is processed further in the renal tubules.

    Stages of Urine Formation

    • Filtration: Fluids and solutes (minus blood cells and large proteins) move into Bowman's capsule.
    • Reabsorption: Essential nutrients and water move from nephron back into blood.
    • Secretion: Larger wastes move from blood into nephron.
    • Excretion: Filtered wastes, water, and salts from urine. - Reabsorption happens in the tubules, collecting ducts.

    Proximal Tubule Reabsorption

    • Proximal tubule reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, most of the water, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, and other substances.
    • Substances are reabsorbed by active transport (energy required).

    Loop of Henle Reabsorption

    • Descending loop reabsorbs water.
    • Ascending loop reabsorbs sodium and chloride.
    • Loop of Henle establishes a concentration gradient necessary for water reabsorption, resulting in more concentrated urine.

    Distal Convoluted Tubule

    • Reabsorption and secretion of substances like sodium, potassium, and water occur in the distal tubule, further adjusting fluid and electrolyte balance.
    • Regulation via hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone.

    Collecting Duct

    • Further water reabsorption in the collecting duct occurs depending on the body's needs.
    • Excess water, salts, and wastes form urine, which is expelled from the body through the urethra.

    Importance of the Process

    • This process removes waste products like urea from the blood daily and maintains water and electrolyte homeostasis.

    Osmoregulation

    • The urine concentration depends on blood concentration.
    • Eating salty food or sweating excessively leads to more concentrated urine.
    • Drinking and cold weather cause dilute urine.

    Important note: Drinking ocean water will NOT hydrate you -- the high salt concentration will increase dehydration. The body will lose more water due to the salt in order to dilute the blood to normal levels.

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    Description

    Explore the functions and anatomy of the excretory system in this quiz. Learn about how different organisms excrete waste, the structure of the human excretory system, and the processes involved in waste removal and osmoregulation.

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