Ch 8 Sum: Excretion in humans
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the lungs in excretion?

  • Remove carbon dioxide and water vapor (correct)
  • Remove nitrogen waste
  • Produce bile pigments
  • Produce urea

    • Which organ excretes perspiration containing water, mineral salts, and small amounts of urea?

  • Skin (correct)
  • Stomach
  • Kidneys
  • Pancreas

    • Where are urea and bile pigments excreted from in the human body?

  • Intestines
  • Lungs
  • Liver (correct)
  • Kidneys

    • Which of the following is NOT a substance excreted by the skin?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What biological process leads to the formation of carbon dioxide and water vapor as waste products for excretion?

    <p>Cellular respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the excretion process, which organ plays a significant role in regulating body temperature?

    <p>Skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the colon in excretion?

    <p>Excreting solid waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the substances excreted by the kidneys, such as urea, mineral salts, and water, originate from?

    <p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the bladder in the excretory system?

    <p>Storing and expelling urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for excreting excess salts and small waste molecules through sweat evaporation?

    <p>Skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical function of the lungs in the context of excretion?

    <p>Exhaling carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific function of the liver in the process of excretion as described in the text?

    <p>Transforming toxins and waste products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the urinary system is responsible for urine formation and waste elimination?

    <p>Kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of nephrons in the kidneys?

    <p>Filtering blood and producing urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process do the kidneys carry out to regulate water balance in the body?

    <p>Osmoregulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary waste products excreted by the kidneys into the urine?

    <p>Urea, creatinine, and uric acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the ureters in the urinary system?

    <p>Propelling urine from the kidneys to the bladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ serves as a temporary reservoir for urine before it is expelled from the body?

    <p>Bladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the need to urinate when the bladder is filled with urine?

    <p>Stretch receptors in the bladder walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT performed by the urinary system?

    <p>Digesting food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes disruptions in normal urinary processes according to the text?

    <p>Urinary incontinence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the urinary system is responsible for carrying urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body?

    <p>Ureter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'GFR' stand for in relation to kidney function?

    <p>Glomerular Filtration Rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys maintain a relatively constant GFR over a wide range of blood pressures?

    <p>Through autoregulatory mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism in the nephron regulates GFR based on changes in tubular fluid flow and composition?

    <p>Tubuloglomerular Feedback (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique role do the afferent and efferent arterioles play in the nephron's blood supply?

    <p>Maintaining glomerular filtration pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers vasodilation of the afferent arteriole?

    <p>Increased sodium levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates vasoconstriction of the arterioles?

    <p>Angiotensin II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does ANP play in response to increased blood volume and pressure?

    <p>Inhibits sodium reabsorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aldosterone affect sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules?

    <p>Promotes reabsorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of chronic kidney failure?

    <p>Conditions like diabetes or hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Bilharzia infection?

    <p>Parasitic flatworm (Schistosoma) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom commonly associated with kidney stones?

    <p>Severe back pain and blood in urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dialysis in kidney failure treatment?

    <p>Filtering blood to remove waste products and excess fluids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible limitation of dialysis treatment?

    <p>Fatigue post-treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are immunosuppressive drugs administered in kidney transplantation?

    <p>To reduce the risk of organ rejection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ produces urea by deamination of excess amino acids in humans?

    <p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substances are excreted through perspiration from the skin in humans?

    <p>Water, mineral salts, urea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the lungs in excretion?

    <p>Excreting carbon dioxide and water vapor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is responsible for removing bile pigments from the body in humans?

    <p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does water play in perspiration from the skin?

    <p>Assisting in toxin removal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are carbon dioxide and water vapor produced as by-products of cellular respiration?

    <p>Lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the bladder in the excretory system?

    <p>Storing and periodically removing urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is crucial for maintaining blood pH and preventing acidosis?

    <p>Lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metabolic waste product do the kidneys primarily excrete into the urine?

    <p>Creatinine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the renal system shields the kidneys from mechanical injury and infection?

    <p>Renal capsule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the alimentary canal in excretion?

    <p>Removing indigestible substances and waste products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone plays a key role in controlling water reabsorption in the nephrons of the kidneys?

    <p>ADH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood into the kidneys for filtration?

    <p>Renal artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the nephrons of the kidneys primarily filter from the blood to produce urine?

    <p>Essential substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the skin in the excretion process?

    <p>Regulating water balance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ processes toxins and waste products from the blood for safer elimination?

    <p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the cascade leading to the production of angiotensin II in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Aldosterone have on sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules?

    <p>Inhibits sodium reabsorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) in response to increased blood volume?

    <p>Counteracts the effects of aldosterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes kidney stone formation according to the text?

    <p>Dehydration and high protein diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Immunosuppressive drugs contribute to kidney transplantation?

    <p>Reduce the risk of rejection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Bilharzia infection in the urinary system?

    <p>Blood in the urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of dialysis treatment mentioned in the text?

    <p>Incomplete removal of waste products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Kidney Transplants differ from Dialysis in treating kidney failure?

    <p>Kidney Transplants involve a donor kidney for long-term use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the development of chronic kidney failure according to the text?

    <p>Long-term conditions like diabetes or hypertension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does Aldosterone promote sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?

    <p>To increase blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the bladder in the urinary system?

    <p>Serving as a temporary reservoir for urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the urethra in the urinary system?

    <p>Transmitting urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the ureters prevent backflow of urine into the kidneys?

    <p>Through peristaltic contractions of the ureter walls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does the kidney use to maintain a relatively constant GFR?

    <p>Autoregulation by the intrinsic properties of the ureters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the length of the urethra typically longer in males compared to females?

    <p>Due to its passage through the penis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the bladder signal the urge to urinate?

    <p>Stretch receptors in its walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)' refer to?

    <p>A critical parameter for assessing kidney function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys regulate renal blood flow and GFR?

    <p>Via autoregulatory mechanisms of the arterioles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism senses changes in tubular fluid flow and composition in the nephron?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the role of the urethra in males from females in the urinary system?

    <p>The additional function of transmitting semen during ejaculation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary substances excreted by the skin?

    <p>Water, mineral salts, and small amounts of urea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ plays a crucial role in eliminating carbon dioxide and water vapor?

    <p>Skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of bile pigments in excretion in humans?

    <p>Breakdown of hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances are excreted by the liver?

    <p>Urea and bile pigments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lungs in the excretory process?

    <p>Remove carbon dioxide and water vapor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the skin contribute to waste elimination in humans?

    <p>By excreting perspiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ primarily excretes urea, mineral salts, and water as waste products?

    <p>Bladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>Filtering blood and removing wastes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the urinary system acts as a reservoir for urine in the body?

    <p>Bladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the liver in the process of excretion?

    <p>Removing toxins from the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ in humans is responsible for removing indigestible substances and waste products through feces?

    <p>Alimentary Canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized role of the skin in the process of excretion?

    <p>Excreting excess salts and small waste molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the urinary system, what is the primary function of the nephrons in the kidneys?

    <p>Filtering blood and producing urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main substance excreted by the kidneys into the urine resulting from amino acid deamination?

    <p>Urea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ excretes bile pigments and excess mineral salts as part of the excretory process in humans?

    <p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specialized role of the lungs in the process of excretion?

    <p>Excreting carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does aldosterone play in the renal tubules?

    <p>Stimulates potassium retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released in response to low blood pressure or decreased sodium levels?

    <p>Renin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) in the renal system?

    <p>Counteracts aldosterone effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do kidneys contribute to acid-base balance maintenance?

    <p>By increasing bicarbonate secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms often associated with Bilharzia infection?

    <p>Severe back pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of prolonged abuse of pain medications and illegal drugs on the kidneys?

    <p>Reduced glomerular filtration rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ releases renin in response to low blood pressure?

    <p>Kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of dialysis treatment in kidney failure?

    <p>Removes waste products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from hardened calcium granules forming in the kidney's pelvic region?

    <p>Kidney stones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) act in response to increased blood volume and pressure?

    <p>Counteracts aldosterone effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stretch receptors in the bladder walls contribute to the urination process?

    <p>By signaling the urge to urinate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the ureters in the urinary system?

    <p>To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the urethra differ in function between males and females?

    <p>Females do not transmit semen through the urethra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in kidney physiology?

    <p>To assess kidney function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the kidneys, how are changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) primarily regulated?

    <p>By the autoregulatory mechanisms of the arterioles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism allows the nephron to regulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on tubular fluid flow and composition?

    <p>Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the efferent arteriole in the nephron's blood supply?

    <p>To carry blood away from the glomerulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is autoregulation essential for maintaining stable kidney function?

    <p>To adjust arteriole diameter and regulate renal blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a critical role in regulating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) within the nephron?

    <p>Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Afferent Arteriole contribute to maintaining glomerular filtration pressure in the nephron?

    <p>By carrying blood into the glomerulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary substances are excreted by the skin through perspiration?

    <p>Water, mineral salts, urea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are urea and bile pigments primarily excreted from in the human body?

    <p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances originate as by-products of cellular respiration in humans?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water vapor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary excretory role of the liver in humans?

    <p>Detoxification and formation of bile pigments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which excretory role do the sweat glands in the skin primarily serve?

    <p>Balancing electrolytes in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main excretory function of the lungs in humans?

    <p>Removing carbon dioxide and water vapor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ's main role is storing and periodically removing urine?

    <p>Bladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical function do the lungs perform to help maintain blood pH and prevent acidosis?

    <p>Excrete carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do bile pigments and excess mineral salts typically come from before being delivered to the colon?

    <p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone plays a key role in controlling water reabsorption in the nephrons to help maintain blood volume and osmotic balance?

    <p>Aldosterone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys when it comes to excretion and filtration?

    <p>Process blood wastes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary substance excreted by the kidneys that comes from the liver where amino acids are deaminated?

    <p>Urea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ's main function is to remove indigestible substances and waste products from the liver through feces?

    <p>Alimentary canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the urinary system, what is the primary role of the bladder aside from storing urine?

    <p>Expel urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the renal system is critical for balancing blood pressure, electrolytes, and acid-base levels?

    <p>Kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the skin in the process of excretion?

    <p>Regulate body temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do stretch receptors in the bladder wall play?

    <p>Sensing the urge to urinate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus in the nephron?

    <p>Efferent arteriole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does autoregulation in the kidneys contribute to stable kidney function?

    <p>By maintaining relatively constant GFR despite blood pressure changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of specialized cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>Sense tubular fluid flow changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the length of the urethra different between males and females?

    <p>Males typically have a longer urethra due to its passage through the penis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the detrusor muscle in the bladder?

    <p>Relaxing to allow urine to flow out through the urethra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does TGF regulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the nephron?

    <p>Based on changes in tubular fluid flow and composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ serves as a temporary reservoir for urine in the body?

    <p>Bladder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the urinary system in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>Regulating electrolyte concentrations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the ureters prevent backflow of urine into the kidneys?

    <p>By propelling urine downward toward the bladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Angiotensin II impact blood pressure?

    <p>Promotes vasoconstriction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of Aldosterone from the adrenal glands?

    <p>Decreased blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) counteract the effects of Aldosterone?

    <p>Inhibits sodium reabsorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Renin in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?

    <p>Triggers aldosterone release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Aldosterone affect sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?

    <p>Promotes reabsorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the initiation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?

    <p>Low blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) in the renal tubules?

    <p>Inhibits sodium reabsorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the RAAS system significant for maintaining blood pressure?

    <p>It increases blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Renin in response to low sodium levels?

    <p>Triggers aldosterone release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) affect blood volume?

    <p>Inhibits sodium excretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary biological function of excretion in organisms?

    <p>To eliminate waste products of metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is NOT excreted through the skin's excretory role?

    <p>Bile pigments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does urea originate in the human body for excretion purposes?

    <p>Through the deamination of excess amino acids in the liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the excretory role of sweat glands in the skin?

    <p>To remove waste products from the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the lungs primarily excrete as part of their excretory role?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of excretion, what is the origin of bile pigments excreted by the liver?

    <p>Breakdown of hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the colon in excretion?

    <p>Removing indigestible substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT excreted by the kidneys?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the bladder in excretion?

    <p>Storing and periodically removing urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary excretory role of the liver?

    <p>Processing toxins and wastes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is crucial in controlling water reabsorption in the nephrons of the kidneys?

    <p>Aldosterone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the skin in the excretion process?

    <p>Regulating body temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of urea in the excretion process?

    <p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lungs in the excretory system?

    <p>Exhaling carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the urinary system is critical for eliminating waste products?

    <p>Nephrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the kidneys in maintaining homeostasis?

    <p>Regulating blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys help maintain the body's internal environment?

    <p>By filtering waste products from the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates voiding of urine from the bladder?

    <p>Relaxation of the detrusor muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the efferent arteriole in the nephron?

    <p>Carrying blood away from the glomerulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a role in regulating Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?

    <p>Glomerular membrane permeability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do the arterioles in the nephron contribute to kidney function?

    <p>By regulating blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the ureters prevent the backflow of urine into the kidneys?

    <p>By using stretch receptors along the ureter walls (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure regulates Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) based on changes in tubular fluid flow?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular apparatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of tubuloglomerular feedback in the nephron?

    <p>To maintain a constant GFR over a wide range of blood pressures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the detrusor muscle in the urinary system?

    <p>To contract during voiding for urine release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism helps ensure stable kidney function despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular apparatus autoregulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Angiotensin II in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?

    <p>Promote sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of Renin in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?

    <p>Low blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) contribute to blood volume and pressure regulation?

    <p>Inhibits sodium reabsorption and dilates afferent arterioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Chronic Kidney Failure?

    <p>Diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to kidney stone formation?

    <p>High sugar diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of Bilharzia infection on the kidney?

    <p>Leads to kidney damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Dialysis in kidney failure treatment?

    <p>Remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Kidney Transplantation differ from Dialysis as a treatment for kidney damage?

    <p>Transplantation offers a long-term solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with kidney stones?

    <p>Severe back pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does prolonged abuse of pain medications and illegal drugs affect the kidneys?

    <p>Triggers kidney failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which waste product is primarily excreted through the sweat glands of the skin?

    <p>Urea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of bile pigments excreted by the liver?

    <p>Breakdown of hemoglobin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant component of sweat that assists in regulating body temperature?

    <p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are urea and bile pigments eliminated from the body by the liver?

    <p>Through the digestive system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process do cells use oxygen to produce energy, resulting in carbon dioxide and water as waste products?

    <p>Cellular respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metabolic function is primarily attributed to the liver in addition to excretion?

    <p>Detoxification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which renal component regulates water balance through the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone?

    <p>Kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily responsible for removing metabolic waste products from the blood, preparing them for excretion?

    <p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of a healthy bladder in the urinary system aside from storing urine?

    <p>Serving as a reservoir for urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One of the primary functions of the renal artery is:

    <p>Filtration of blood to form glomerular filtrate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure protects the kidneys from mechanical injury and infection?

    <p>Renal Capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metabolic waste product is primarily excreted by the kidneys into urine?

    <p>Creatinine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the urinary system, which component removes excess salts and small waste molecules through sweat evaporation?

    <p>Skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood vessel carries oxygenated blood into the kidneys for filtration?

    <p>Renal Artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is involved in exhaling carbon dioxide, essential for maintaining blood pH?

    <p>Lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the alimentary canal removes indigestible substances and waste products from the liver?

    <p>Colon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the nephron?

    <p>Filtering plasma into Bowman's capsule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism plays a crucial role in adjusting the diameter of arterioles to regulate renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate?

    <p>Autoregulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the detrusor muscle contribute to the process of urine formation in the bladder?

    <p>Contracts to allow urine flow into the urethra (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specialized cells are responsible for sensing changes in tubular fluid sodium concentration in the nephron?

    <p>Juxtaglomerular apparatus cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Bowmans's capsule in the nephron's filtration process?

    <p>Filtration of undesirable materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do stretch receptors in the bladder contribute to the urge to urinate?

    <p>Signal the presence of urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor tightly regulates the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the kidney system?

    <p>Various factors like blood pressure, renal blood flow, and membrane permeability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the length of the urethra differ between males and females?

    <p>Males have longer urethras due to additional functions like semen transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the muscular walls of the ureter in the urinary system?

    <p>Preventing urine backflow into the kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the efferent arterioles play in the kidney's nephron function?

    <p>Carrying blood away from the glomerulus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological process does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) primarily act to counteract?

    <p>Hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does decreased sodium levels affect the afferent arteriole?

    <p>Induces vasodilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of kidney stone formation?

    <p>High protein intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In kidney failure, what factor differentiates acute from chronic kidney failure?

    <p>Onset duration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Renin contribute to the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)?

    <p>Initiates aldosterone synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of Bilharzia infection that affects the excretory system?

    <p>Blood in the urine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) impact the renal tubules?

    <p>Inhibits sodium reabsorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is a life-saving measure for both chronic and acute kidney failure?

    <p>Dialysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of kidney damage and failure related to prolonged substance abuse?

    <p>Pain medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates vasoconstriction of arterioles in response to low blood pressure?

    <p>Renin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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