Evolutionary Psychology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What was the title of the special project proposed at the Center for Advanced Study?

  • Principles of Behavioral Sciences
  • Evolutionary Foundations of Psychology
  • Seminars on Human Behavior
  • Foundations of Evolutionary Psychology (correct)

    • Which institution is credited with having one of the first graduate programs in evolutionary psychology?

  • University of Michigan
  • University of Texas at Austin (correct)
  • Stanford University
  • Harvard University

    • Who directed the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences during the time of the proposed project?

  • Gardner Lindzey (correct)
  • Richard Nisbett
  • Martin Daly
  • Al Cain

    • Which two scholars are mentioned as prominent figures in evolutionary psychology who visited Harvard?

    <p>Martin Daly and Margo Wilson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what years did the group work on the foundations of evolutionary psychology at the Center for Advanced Study?

    <p>1989 and 1990</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural disaster occurred during the group's time at the Center for Advanced Study?

    <p>An earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following individuals is NOT mentioned as contributing to the evolution and human behavior group at the University of Michigan?

    <p>Martin Daly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of the acknowledgments section regarding various individuals and institutions?

    <p>Their roles in advancing evolutionary psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about the desire for sex partners among men and women across different cultures?

    <p>Men express a greater desire for variety in partners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was discovered about the skeleton of the Neanderthal man?

    <p>It had a spear lodged in the rib cage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pattern is observed in the fossil record of human injuries?

    <p>Men exhibit more fractures and injuries than women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the damage pattern on the Neanderthal's skeleton suggest about the attacker?

    <p>The attacker wielded a weapon in the right hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception about evolutionary theory is commonly held?

    <p>Humans evolved from apes directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender in Norwegian culture desires more sex partners over the next month?

    <p>Men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of sex partners that Norwegian women desire over the next year?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of human behavior is suggested to have evolved regarding men?

    <p>Higher levels of physical aggression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did Neanderthals go extinct, according to the concerning patterns observed?

    <p>Around 50,000 years ago.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average number of times men estimated they experience sexual desire per week?

    <p>37</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study analyzing 'private wishes,' which wish had the largest sex difference?

    <p>To have sex with anyone I choose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What have skeletons from human ancestors revealed about combat?

    <p>Combat was a frequent activity among men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend has been observed regarding gender equality and sex differences in desires?

    <p>Sex differences remain despite increased gender equality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Across all cultures examined, which gender expressed a larger desire for sex partners?

    <p>Men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected number of sex partners desired by Norwegian men over the next 30 years?

    <p>25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sex partners do men desire over the next month according to the data from the study?

    <p>More than 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested about men who seek short-term mating strategies?

    <p>They prefer women that require minimal investment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the size of men's testicles indicate about their reproductive strategies?

    <p>Larger testes suggest intense sperm competition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was mentioned about the historical mating behavior of women?

    <p>Women engaged in casual sex must have existed to allow such opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does heavy investment in a woman have on a man's mating strategy?

    <p>It pressures him into a long-term mating strategy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of evolutionary change?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to sperm competition?

    <p>Female mating choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process can also lead to evolutionary change besides natural selection?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do modern anatomical features reflect evolutionary pressures?

    <p>They are influenced by historical mating strategies and fears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do giraffes with longer necks have a survival advantage?

    <p>They can reach higher leaves more efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of men's testicle size compared to other primates like gorillas?

    <p>Men's testicles have a larger relative size to body weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'punctuated equilibrium' refer to?

    <p>Periods of little change followed by rapid evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when the sperm from multiple males occupy the reproductive tract of one female?

    <p>Sperm competition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the nature of evolution by natural selection?

    <p>A gradual and unintentional process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Darwin's theory, how quickly can changes occur due to natural selection?

    <p>Over multiple generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of evolution did Darwin fail to fully recognize?

    <p>The importance of geographic isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of natural selection's effect on species?

    <p>It can create appearances of design in traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key implication of inclusive fitness theory regarding altruism?

    <p>Altruism is directed more toward closely related individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with revolutionizing evolutionary biology through the theory of inclusive fitness?

    <p>William D. Hamilton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a thought process attributed to genes in the context of inclusive fitness?

    <p>Developing a conscious plan for altruism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the fundamental unit of inheritance in evolutionary biology according to inclusive fitness theory?

    <p>The gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do adaptations evolve according to inclusive fitness?

    <p>By promoting inclusive fitness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the perspective that emphasizes the viewpoint of genes in evolutionary processes?

    <p>Gene's eye thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavioral tendency is linked to the idea of inclusive fitness in terms of helping behavior?

    <p>Help closely related individuals more than others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the broad applications of Hamilton's theory of inclusive fitness beyond altruism?

    <p>The evolution of spite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Evolutionary Psychology

    • Irv DeVore, a Harvard anthropologist, conducted "simian seminars" and Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, Martin Daly, and Margo Wilson were involved in evolutionary psychology discussions during the early to mid-1980s when no one was yet called an evolutionary psychologist.

    • The author was elected fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in Palo Alto, and proposed a "Foundations of Evolutionary Psychology" project (1989-1990).

    • Key figures in evolutionary psychology include Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, Don Symons, Martin Daly, and Margo Wilson.

    Institutions and Support

    • The University of Michigan supported the evolution and human behavior group from 1986 to 1994. Key figures included Al Cain, Richard Nisbett, Richard Alexander, Robert Axelrod, Barb Smuts, Randolph Nesse, Richard Wrangham, Bobbi Low, Kim Hill, Warren Holmes, Laura Betzig, Paul Turke, Eugene Burnstein, and John Mitani.

    • The University of Texas at Austin had an early graduate program in evolutionary psychology.

    Short-Term Mating Psychology

    • Men desire more sex partners than women, even in cultures with high gender equality (e.g., Norway).
    • Studies show men desire more partners in the short term than women do.
    • Women who demand significant investment are less likely to attract men seeking short-term mates.
    • Casual sex requires consent from both sexes.

    Physiological Evidence

    • Testicle size is linked to sperm competition, with larger testes indicating higher sperm competition.
    • Human testes are much larger relative to body weight compared to gorillas and orangutans.

    Other Key Concepts

    • Natural selection is the primary cause of evolutionary change, focusing on adaptations that promote inclusive fitness.

    • Genetic drift plays a role in evolutionary change through mutations, founder effects, and genetic bottlenecks.

    • Evolution is not forward-looking or intentional.

    • Neanderthals had the earliest known homicide victim. More bone fracture/dent patterns are found in men’s skeletons, often on left sides and suggesting right-handed attackers.

    • Inclusive fitness theory by William D. Hamilton suggests that altruistic acts are more likely toward closely related individuals.

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    Related Documents

    Evolutionary Psychology: The New Science of the Mind 6th Edition PDF

    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts and key figures in evolutionary psychology, including influential personalities and institutions that contributed to its development. From early seminars to contemporary research, this quiz assesses your understanding of the evolution of this field. Test your knowledge on how evolutionary psychology took shape during its formative years.

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