Evolutionary Mechanisms: Adaptive Problems and Solutions

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of negative reinforcement?

  • To punish undesirable behavior
  • To ignore undesired behavior
  • To strengthen behavior through the removal of an aversive stimulus (correct)
  • To reward desired behavior with a pleasurable stimulus

What is the scheduling of reinforcement where the first response after a set time period is reinforced?

  • Fixed-interval (correct)
  • Variable-ratio
  • Variable interval
  • Fixed-ratio

What is the term for being aware of one's own consciousness?

  • Consciousness
  • Inner States
  • Self-Awareness (correct)
  • Intention

What is the result of random or accidental behaviors that happen to be rewarded?

<p>Creativity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the underlying drives that influence behavior?

<p>Drives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of behavior is characterized by automatic and unconscious responses?

<p>Unconscious Behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of self-observation of performance and judgmental evaluation of one's actions called?

<p>Self-regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Cognitive Social Learning Theory, what do people see as moving them in the direction of a goal?

<p>Needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a type of fear that is strong enough and pervasive enough to have severe debilitating effects on one's daily life?

<p>Phobia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying process that has produced solutions to the basic problems of life?

<p>Evolution by natural selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of separating oneself from the negative consequences of one's behavior?

<p>Disengagement of internal control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of selection occurs when humans select particular desirable traits in a breeding species?

<p>Artificial selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can occur when people set their goals too high and are likely to fail?

<p>Depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a type of behavior that is learned through the mutual interaction of the person, cognitive, environment, and behavioral factors?

<p>Dysfunctional Behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between natural selection and artificial selection?

<p>The agent of selection (nature vs. humans) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of adaptations in the context of evolution?

<p>To solve important survival and/or reproductive problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of psychological mechanisms?

<p>They are internal and specific cognitive, motivational, and personality systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for traits that happen as a result of adaptations but are not part of the functional design?

<p>By-products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the possibility that a particular response will occur at a given time and place in relation to its likely reinforcement?

<p>Behavior Potential (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following needs is characterized by the desire to control the behavior of others?

<p>Dominance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a person's confidence that a particular reinforcement will follow a specific behavior in a specific situation or situations?

<p>Expectancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of internal reinforcement?

<p>Personal satisfaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the part of the external and internal world to which a person is responding?

<p>Psychological Situation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept that suggests that the value of an event is a function of one's expectation that a particular reinforcement will lead to future reinforcements?

<p>Reinforcement-reinforcement sequences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concept of the Choice Corollary in Personal Construct Theory?

<p>People tend to choose alternatives that extend the range of their future choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Range Corollary, what is the limitation of constructs?

<p>They are limited to a particular range of convenience (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of experiences according to the Experience Corollary?

<p>People's personal constructs are revised (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the core role related to in Personal Construct Theory?

<p>One's sense of identity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Abnormal Development Threat related to in Personal Construct Theory?

<p>The awareness of imminent comprehensive change in one’s core structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is guilt related to in Personal Construct Theory?

<p>The sense of having lost one’s core role structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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