IAH 203 PPT 15: Race, Nation Building, and Nationalism

How does gradualism explain evolutionary change?

According to natural selection, what gives individuals an extra survival probability?

What did some 19th-century theorists apply Darwin's biological conclusions to?

What did the political scientists and politicians from 1860-1930 begin to apply Darwin's theories to?

What concept emerged as essentially a racial explanation for success and failure based on Darwin's theories?

What idea was coined in the late 19th century, describing the concept that humans compete in a struggle for existence?

According to Latin American elites during that time, who did they primarily blame for poverty, criminality, and backwardness in their countries?

What did proponents of Social Darwinism believe about some people's ability to survive, succeed, and govern?

At its extreme, what did some proponents of Social Darwinism think about government involvement in regulating the economy or addressing social ills?

What was the key concept behind the idea of 'survival of the fittest' as related to Social Darwinism?

What physical characteristics does the text attribute to the white peoples?

What physical characteristic distinguishes the yellow man from the negro?

What is the general temperament attributed to the yellow man in the text?

What is Kipling's poem 'The White Man’s Burden' used to justify according to the text?

What is described as an indispensable means of self-preservation for white peoples in the text?

What is Kipling's attitude towards the white peoples compared to other races according to the text?

Who used the phrase 'survival of the fittest' instead of 'natural selection'?

What did Herbert Spencer's ideas about 'survival of the fittest' seem to promote?

Who developed the theory of the Aryan master race?

What did Arthur Gobineau believe would lead to inferior stock?

What did Gobineau claim about the 'negroid variety'?

Which race did Gobineau consider as having the intellect that will always move within a very narrow circle?

Where did most immigrants go during the period of social Darwinism in Latin America?

Which country attracted immigrants from Italy and Germany, similar to Argentina?

What was the reason for targeting people from western Europe for immigration to Brazil?

What was the role of wealthy coffee planters in São Paulo in immigration to Brazil?

Where were immigrants to Brazil processed before being transferred to coffee farms?

What service did European immigrants receive when they moved to Brazil in the late 19th century?

What concept did Latin American elites during the late 19th century primarily use to explain the poverty and lawlessness in their countries?

What did the term Social Darwinism refer to in the context of the late 19th century?

How did proponents of Social Darwinism view government involvement in regulating the economy or addressing social issues at its extreme?

What was the general belief about certain individuals' fitness to survive, succeed, and govern according to Social Darwinism?

What was the key aspect associated with the idea of 'survival of the fittest' as related to Social Darwinism?

What physical characteristic is described for the yellow man in the text?

What distinguishes the white peoples from the yellow races?

In the text, what concept or attribute is mentioned regarding the white peoples' intelligence?

What did Rudyard Kipling's poem 'The White Man’s Burden' influence and justify?

Which phrase from Kipling's poem 'The White Man’s Burden' describes the attitude towards the colonized peoples?

What does the text attribute to white peoples regarding their love for liberty?

What was one of the key reasons Latin American authors and artists abandoned Social Darwinism around 1900?

How did Charles Darwin contribute to the understanding of species diversification?

What was a common concern among 19th-century Latin American leaders regarding their countries?

Why did Latin American elites question the prosperity and 'Westernization' of their countries during the 19th century?

What aspect did Latin American leaders aim to emphasize when they exalted indigenous, African, and biracial peoples?

Why did wealthy coffee planters play a significant role in immigration to Brazil during the 19th century?

What did José Vasconcelos believe in regarding race?

What was the main focus of Ciro Alegría's novel?

What did José Vasconcelos believe about the ultimate race?

What was a key characteristic of the jíbaros according to the text?

Why was José Vasconcelos considered problematic in his beliefs?

What was the goal of the indigenous people portrayed in Ciro Alegría's novel?

What aspect of Brazilian history does the first source criticize?

What was José Martí's message regarding governance in America?

What did José Martí criticize about previous politicians and intellectuals in Latin America?

What did José Martí emphasize as the struggle in America?

What did José Martí believe should be taught in America's history?

In what way did José Martí critique enlightened politicians in Latin America?

What concept did Latin American elites during the late 19th century believe could explain poverty, criminality, and backwardness in their countries?

What idea was coined in the late 19th century to describe the idea that humans compete in a struggle for existence resulting in 'survival of the fittest'?

According to Social Darwinism, what did some proponents believe should not be interfered with by governments?

What was the central belief associated with Social Darwinism regarding human success and governance?

What extreme view did some proponents of Social Darwinism hold regarding government involvement in social and economic matters?

What physical energy trait is attributed to the yellow man in the text?

What do white peoples have an extraordinary instinct for?

In Rudyard Kipling's poem 'The White Man’s Burden', what description is used for the newly conquered peoples?

What was the general attitude of white peoples towards liberty according to the text?

What distinguishes the white peoples from the yellow races in terms of intelligence?

What is Rudyard Kipling's poem 'The White Man’s Burden' primarily used to justify?

What term did Brazil use in 1942 to promote the idea of cultural assimilation?

What did Nationalists in Latin America around 1900 emphasize regarding national identities?

In what year did Manuel Alonso write 'El Gíbaro (The Peasant)' showcasing Puerto Rican pride and attachment to the homeland?

What did Brazil outlaw in 1942 based on the text?

What did nationalists in Latin America beginning around 1900 typically resent according to the text?

Who wrote 'The Peasant' in 1849 according to the text?

Which art movement was used to instill the values and goals of the Mexican Revolution?

Which of the following Ecuadorian painters was known for depicting oppression, racism, poverty, and class divisions in his art?

Who was known as 'the painter of hands' due to his focus on paintings of indigenous peoples?

Which artist had a parentage of an Ecuadorian mother and an American father?

Who among the artists mentioned in the text was a professor at Quito’s School of Fine Arts?

Which artist with a poor indigenous-mestizo background focused on depicting class divisions and oppression in his art?

What is one of the criticisms leveled against the depiction of Brazilian history in the first source?

What was José Martí's view on governance in Latin America compared to European influence?

What did José Martí critique about previous politicians and intellectuals in Latin America according to the text?

What did José Martí imply by stating 'The struggle is not between civilization and barbarity, but between false erudition and Nature'?

What key aspect did José Martí emphasize regarding governance for Latin American leaders?

According to José Martí, what should be the focus of teaching history in America from the Incas to the present?