43 Questions
What is a significant derived character that underlies most of embryophyte evolution?
Dependent embryos
Which structure protects the megasporangia and produces eggs in gymnosperms?
Ovules
Which division is the largest taxon among gymnosperms?
Coniferophyta
What is the main purpose of pollen grains in gymnosperms?
Dispersal and pollination
Which characterizes the reproductive strategy of most gymnosperms?
Monecious
Monoecious gymnosperms produce which types of cones?
Both ovulate and staminate
What do embryo, food, and integument combine to form in gymnosperms?
Seeds
What is the function of endosperm in angiosperms?
Nourishing embryos within a seed
Which floral whorl is part of a complete flower's structure?
Gynoecium
What is the characteristic feature of perfect flowers?
Presence of both gynoecium and androecium
Which type of angiosperms have imperfect flowers on different individuals?
Dioecious angiosperms
What is the key difference between monoecious and dioecious angiosperms?
Arrangement of reproductive structures on the same or different individuals
Why might a flower be considered incomplete?
Lacking gynoecium and androecium
Where is the vascular cambium located?
Between the xylem and phloem in roots
What drives the formation of secondary xylem and phloem in plants?
The vascular cambium
What is the primary function of growth rings in woody plants?
To serve as a climate proxy
In which plant tissue are vascular rays found, connecting older and younger xylem?
Xylem
What is the main function of the bark layer in woody plants?
To protect against environmental threats
What is the main function of the shoot system in a plant?
Carrying out photosynthesis and sexual reproduction
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation exhibited by stems?
Tendrils for plant support
What do nodes represent in plants?
Branching points or leaf attachment points
Which tissue layer in plants is specifically adapted for gas exchange, water retention, and defense?
Dermal tissue
What are spines on a plant primarily used for?
Defense
Which organelle in protists possesses a crystalline rod in one of its flagella?
Mitochondrion
Which eukaryotic lineage lost or reduced both mitochondria and plastids?
Amoebozoa
What is the primary mode of transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis?
Sexual contact
Which protist is known to infect mammalian hosts via the oral route of entry?
Giardia intestinalis
Which supergroup includes diverse protists and anticipates major revisions to the formal taxonomy of life?
SAR Clade
Which protist is commercially important for various uses?
Red Algae
Which protist uses cilia to move/feed and has two kinds of nucleus?
Paramecium
Which protist causes trypanosomiasis and Chaga’s Disease?
Trypanosoma
Which protist is unicellular algae encased in glass frustule and contributes significantly to aquatic food webs as primary producers?
Diatoms
Which protist uses pseudopodia for swimming, feeding, and test formation?
Unikonta: Gymnamoebas
What is the significance of plastids in eukaryotic cells?
They are membrane-bound organelles involved in photosynthesis.
Which evolutionary event led to the formation of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
Primary endosymbiosis of an alpha proteobacterium
What is a defining characteristic of Kingdom Protista that led to taxonomic controversy?
The kingdom is polyphyletic and not universally recognized.
Which statement accurately describes the life cycle of Giardia intestinalis?
Giardia undergoes excystation to trophozoites in the large intestine.
Which feature distinguishes Trichomonas vaginalis among protists?
It colonizes human reproductive and urinary systems.
Which protist causes sleeping sickness in Africa and Chaga’s Disease in the Americas?
Trypanosoma
What pigment do Rhodophytes possess that makes them commercially important for various uses?
Phycoerythrin
Which algae are unicellular and adapted to live in snow fields/glaciers?
Chlamydomonas
Which protist is characterized by forming spherical colonies and showing some cellular integration?
Volvox
Which group of protists are multicellular photoautotrophs using chlorophyll a, c, and fucoxanthin for photosynthesis?
Brown Algae
Test your knowledge on the evolutionary characteristics of seed plants including dependent embryos, vascular systems, seeds, and flowers. Learn about significant derived characters and reproductive structures in gymnosperms.
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