Evolutionary Biology: Intrasexual and Intersexual Selection

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What is the primary role of testosterone in the development of birdsongs?

Testosterone is not necessary for song crystallization.

The timing and degree of elevation in testosterone are essential in proper development of birdsongs. (correct)

Testosterone levels are high during song crystallization and in the spring, when songs are less stable.

Testosterone levels are low during song crystallization and in the spring, when songs are more stable.

Which type of movement is typically found in amoeba?

Ciliary movement

Muscular movement

Amoeboid movement (correct)

Flagellar movement

Which of the following is the primary method of movement used by most vertebrates?

Flagellar movement

Amoeboid movement

Muscular movement (correct)

Ciliary movement

What is the main function of cilia in protozoans like Paramecium?

Both a and b. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for locomotor activity in vertebrates?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of movements called?

Kinesiology Signup and view all the answers

How many legs do typical centipede species have?

Around 50 legs Signup and view all the answers

Which animals have the most legs among terrestrial animals?

Millipedes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the movement of legs in animals with many legs?

Metachronal rhythm Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic form of the vertebrate foot?

Five toes Signup and view all the answers

What type of locomotion do cats and dogs use?

Digitigrade Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative form of vertebrate 'leg' to the tetrapod leg?

Fin Signup and view all the answers

What type of vocalizations do young birds produce at the beginning of the sensorimotor phase?

Subsong Signup and view all the answers

What happens if juveniles are deafened after the sensory phase but before the sensorimotor phase?

They develop aberrant songs. Signup and view all the answers

What do young birds preferentially learn if given a choice in song learning?

Conspecific songs Signup and view all the answers

What effect does acoustic isolation have on the development of bird songs?

It extends the sensory phase into adulthood. Signup and view all the answers

What do young birds need to hear during the sensorimotor phase to develop normal songs?

Their own vocalizations Signup and view all the answers

In the wild, what do young birds do when they hear conspecific songs?

They beg more. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major mechanisms proposed to account for female mate choice?

Good genes and Fisherian arbitrary processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concept behind the 'Good Genes' mechanism of female mate choice?

Differences among males provide information about genetic qualities Signup and view all the answers

What does the Fisherian Arbitrary Choice propose regarding female mate preference?

Females evolve preferences for arbitrary traits Signup and view all the answers

How does an evolutionary arms race typically arise between sexes?

Through the evolution of traits that harm one sex but benefit the other Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is described as a form of aggression during the rut at the start of the breeding season in male fallow deer?

"Jump clashes" Signup and view all the answers

How do female elephants seals engage in mate selection during fights over access to females?

By employing violent head-on clashes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary evolutionary mechanism responsible for the development of male armaments like deer antlers and beetle horns?

Intrasexual selection Signup and view all the answers

Which sex tends to be more selective when choosing mates?

Females tend to be more selective when choosing mates. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the communal courtship displays, or leks, performed by some species?

To attract and compete for the attention of females. Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the direct benefits that females can gain by being selective in their mate choice?

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why females do not mate at random or with the first male they encounter?

Females can directly increase their reproductive success by mating with certain, select males. Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely indirect benefit that females can gain by being selective in their mate choice?

Genetic benefits passed on to their offspring. Signup and view all the answers