Evolutionary Biology and Human Genome Project Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of 'dark DNA'?

  • It is non-coding DNA
  • It influences visible traits
  • It is easily detected in genetic tests
  • It is difficult to detect due to technical limitations (correct)

    • What concept does the 'C-value enigma' relate to?

  • The size of the genome and organism complexity (correct)
  • The number of chromosomes in a cell
  • The rate of protein synthesis
  • The variability of gene expression

    • Which protein has been used as a molecular clock to study evolutionary timelines?

  • Cytochrome C (correct)
  • Insulin
  • Collagen
  • TATA-binding protein

    • What is the role of gene duplication in evolution?

    <p>Leads to new genes and functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'RNA world' hypothesis in the context of evolution?

    <p>It suggests RNA was the first genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'orthologous' refer to in evolutionary genetics?

    <p>Genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chaperone proteins in cellular processes?

    <p>Protein folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does alternative splicing contribute to protein diversity?

    <p>By producing different proteins from the same gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hox transcription factors primarily regulate?

    <p>Transcription regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the relatively modest increase in gene numbers through evolution suggest about protein evolution?

    <p>Protein diversity arises from domain recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Ernst Walter Mayr's contribution to evolutionary biology?

    <p>Proposed the hypothesis 'Differences among species require different genes'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key finding of the Human Genome Project (HGP) regarding the number of genes in humans?

    <p>Around 25,000 genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is used as an example of conservation across species?

    <p>Cytochrome C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Hox genes in embryonic development?

    <p>Determining the type of segment structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'homeobox' in the context of Hox genes?

    <p>A DNA sequence in Hox proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major theme of Mayr’s hypothesis from the 1960s?

    <p>Species differences require different genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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