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Questions and Answers
What does a scientific theory explain?
What does a scientific theory explain?
- Well-supported testable explanations of phenomena (correct)
- Assumptions based on anecdotal evidence
- Personal beliefs about natural occurrences
- Unprovable concepts in the natural world
What notable work did Charles Darwin publish in 1859?
What notable work did Charles Darwin publish in 1859?
- On the Origin of Life
- The Theory of Relativity
- The Origin of Species (correct)
- Evolutionary Biology
What did Darwin observe about the giant tortoises in the Galápagos Islands?
What did Darwin observe about the giant tortoises in the Galápagos Islands?
- They looked identical across all islands.
- They were all extinct by the time he visited.
- Their shells varied in shape depending on the island. (correct)
- They were not affected by environmental changes.
How did Darwin gather evidence for his theory of evolution?
How did Darwin gather evidence for his theory of evolution?
What similarity did Darwin find between the ecosystems of Argentina and Australia?
What similarity did Darwin find between the ecosystems of Argentina and Australia?
What theory proposed by Jean Lamarck influences Darwin's thinking?
What theory proposed by Jean Lamarck influences Darwin's thinking?
What was a significant influence on Darwin to publish his findings?
What was a significant influence on Darwin to publish his findings?
According to Darwin's observations, what aspect did he note about the finches in the Galapagos Islands?
According to Darwin's observations, what aspect did he note about the finches in the Galapagos Islands?
What is the primary concept derived from Darwin's observations and theories?
What is the primary concept derived from Darwin's observations and theories?
Which of the following best describes a potential harmful effect of artificial selection?
Which of the following best describes a potential harmful effect of artificial selection?
What did Darwin hypothesize about species in the Galapagos Islands?
What did Darwin hypothesize about species in the Galapagos Islands?
Which concept did James Hutton introduce that influenced Darwin's thinking?
Which concept did James Hutton introduce that influenced Darwin's thinking?
What question did Thomas Malthus raise that impacted Darwin's ideas?
What question did Thomas Malthus raise that impacted Darwin's ideas?
Which of the following animals is NOT associated with the Galapagos Islands?
Which of the following animals is NOT associated with the Galapagos Islands?
What did Charles Lyell contribute to the understanding of geographical changes?
What did Charles Lyell contribute to the understanding of geographical changes?
Flashcards
Evolution
Evolution
The idea that species change over time due to natural selection.
Fossils
Fossils
The preserved remains of ancient organisms. Darwin studied fossils to understand how species have changed over time.
Natural Selection
Natural Selection
A process where organisms with traits that help them survive and reproduce in their environment are more likely to pass those traits on to their offspring.
Island Biogeography
Island Biogeography
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The Origin of Species
The Origin of Species
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Darwin Finches
Darwin Finches
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Marine Iguanas
Marine Iguanas
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Geological Change
Geological Change
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Age of the Earth
Age of the Earth
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Artificial Selection
Artificial Selection
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Lamarck's Theory of Use and Disuse
Lamarck's Theory of Use and Disuse
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Inheritance of Acquired Traits
Inheritance of Acquired Traits
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Study Notes
Evolutionary Biology
- Evolutionary biology is the theory in biology that postulates that the various types of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the differences are due to modifications in successive generations.
Charles Darwin
- A scientific theory is a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world.
- Darwin's theory of evolution proposes how living things change over time.
- Darwin traveled on the HMS Beagle, making observations in various locations, including the Galapagos Islands.
- He published the book The Origin of Species in 1859.
Darwin's Observations
- Observed differences among island species.
- Noticed variation among organisms.
- Recognized adaptation to the environment.
- Noticed nine distinct species of finches in the Galapagos Islands which are similar but differ in their beak shapes.
- Observed that the beak depth of finches varied depending on the available food sources.
- During dry years, finches with larger beaks survive better.
Darwin's Theory: Key Concepts
- Inherited variation exists within the genes of every population or species.
- Some individuals of a population or species are better suited to survive in a particular environment.
- Over time, the traits that make certain individuals of a population able to survive and reproduce tend to spread in that population.
- There is overwhelming evidence from fossils and many other sources that living species evolved from organisms that are extinct.
- Natural Selection
- Artificial Selection
- Plant Technology: The desired traits of a plant are selected.
- Population: All the individuals of species that live in a specific geographical area and that can interbreed.
- Other factors: Selective pressure, factors in the environment that select FOR or AGAINST a genetic trait.
- Sexual selection: Intra (males competing) and Inter (females choosing)
Ideas Influencing Darwin
- James Hutton: Proposed the Earth changed over a long time.
- Charles Lyell: Geological features change over long time periods.
- Thomas Malthus: Increase in population can lead to consequences if there is not enough resources.
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: Proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
Key Concepts Derived From Darwin's Theory
- Natural selection explains how evolution occurs.
- Variation.
- Overproduction.
- Adaptation.
- Descent with modification.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of evolutionary biology as outlined by Charles Darwin. This quiz covers key concepts such as natural selection, adaptation, and the critical observations made during his journey on the HMS Beagle. Test your understanding of Darwin's contributions to the field of biology.
