Evolutionary Applications in Agriculture
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Questions and Answers

What is the outcome of the recognition of AVR proteins by R proteins in plants?

  • Activation of effector molecules
  • Increased secretion of AVR proteins
  • Triggering of defense responses including the hypersensitive response (correct)
  • Susceptibility of the plant to disease

    • What is the primary goal of artificial selection in breeding for desirable traits in animals?

  • To create hybrids with wild relatives
  • To select for specific traits such as increased muscle mass (correct)
  • To reduce the reliance on pesticides
  • To increase genetic diversity in populations

    • What is the significance of the genetic relationship between domestic corn and wild teosinte?

  • It suggests that genes found in teosinte may be useful in corn (correct)
  • It demonstrates the importance of genetic diversity in agriculture
  • It provides a model for understanding pesticide resistance
  • It highlights the role of R-AVR gene interactions in plant disease resistance

    • What is the result of the evolution of pests in response to pesticide use?

    <p>Development of pesticide resistance in pests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of exploiting R-AVR gene interactions in the field?

    <p>To control diseases in crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of providing refuges where non-resistant insects thrive?

    <p>To slow the rate at which genes for pesticide resistance spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can knowledge of genetic variation and evolutionary relationships benefit farmers?

    <p>By improving disease resistance in crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern in small populations, according to evolutionary theory?

    <p>Inbreeding depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strategy to minimize pest damage?

    <p>To provide refuges for non-resistant insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of preserving species and maintaining a large population size?

    <p>Increased genetic variation and reduced extinction risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated number of mutations that occur in the common flu per year?

    <p>50 mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which diseases evolve resistance to antibiotics?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of vaccines, according to the concept of evolutionary applications in medicine?

    <p>To recognize and enhance the immune system's response to microbial threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which scientists can change an organism's DNA?

    <p>Gene editing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge in developing a permanent vaccine against the flu?

    <p>The flu virus has a high mutation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CRISPR-Cas9 is a naturally occurring genome editing system in bacteria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CRISPR-Cas9 is currently used to treat human diseases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Experimental evolution involves the study of evolutionary processes in large multicellular organisms

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Field evolution studies involve the intentional introduction of a population into a new habitat in the wild

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CRISPR arrays are used by bacteria to target their own DNA.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary goal of genome editing is to understand diseases using cells and animal models.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Experimental evolution is limited to laboratory studies

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Experimental evolution is a research approach that focuses on short-term evolutionary changes

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genome editing is only useful for treating single-gene disorders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Garland and Rose's definition of experimental evolution excludes studies that involve evolutionary changes in response to naturally occurring events

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Low genetic variation in a population can increase the risk of extinction due to inability to evolve in response to changing environmental variables.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inbreeding depression is caused by the accumulation of beneficial alleles in a population over time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Natural selection acts more slowly in populations with shorter generation times.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Higher proportions of stillborn and deformed offspring are more likely to occur in larger populations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Genetic variation is the raw material of evolution, but it is not necessary for a population to evolve in response to changing environmental variables.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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