Evolution Unit Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

Which theory emphasizes the inheritance of acquired characteristics?

Lamarck's Theory of Evolution (correct)

Wallace's Theory of Speciation

Mendel's Theory of Heredity

Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection

Natural selection results in the elimination of all mutations from a population.

False

What is the primary difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes?

Homozygous has two identical alleles, while heterozygous has two different alleles.

The __________ trait is one that can be passed from parents to offspring.

heritable Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Mutation = A change in the DNA sequence Variation = Differences in traits among individuals Heredity = The passing of traits from parents to offspring Natural Selection = Survival and reproduction of individuals based on advantageous traits Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to the colorful fish population if the coral reef started to lose its color?

They would become more visible and likely decrease in number. Signup and view all the answers

All mutations are harmful to an organism.

False Signup and view all the answers

Describe the sickle cell mutation and mention one advantage it provides.

The sickle cell mutation causes red blood cells to become misshapen. One advantage is increased resistance to malaria. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main distinction between natural selection and artificial selection?

Natural selection occurs without human intervention, while artificial selection is driven by human choices. Signup and view all the answers

Acquired traits can be inherited by offspring.

False Signup and view all the answers

Define mutation and provide an example.

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism; for example, a point mutation that changes one base pair. Signup and view all the answers

The genotype for Sickle Cell Disease in a person who is homozygous recessive is ___.

ss Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

Genotype = The genetic makeup of an organism Phenotype = The observable characteristics of an organism Homozygous = Having two identical alleles for a trait Heterozygous = Having two different alleles for a trait Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible consequence of bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics?

Survival of resistant bacteria and potential spread of resistance Signup and view all the answers

The colorful offspring of silver fish are more likely to survive if their habitat loses its color.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for an organism to be considered a new species?

An organism is considered a new species when it can no longer interbreed with the original species and produce viable offspring. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Evolution Unit Study Guide

Mutation: A change in DNA sequence. Example: sickle cell anemia.
Variation: Differences in traits within a population. Example: different eye colors.
Heredity: Passing traits from parents to offspring. Example: eye color.
Charles Darwin's Theory vs. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's Theory: Darwin's Theory focuses on natural selection and adaptation over time, while Lamarck's theory proposed acquired traits could be inherited.
Antibiotic Resistance: Bacteria can develop mutations allowing them to survive exposure to antibiotics.
Natural Selection: Organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits.
Artificial Selection: Humans select desirable traits for breeding, leading to specific characteristics in organisms.
Acquired vs. Heritable Traits: Acquired traits are learned or developed during an organism's lifetime (e.g., language, riding a bike), while heritable ones are passed from parents to offspring (e.g., eye color).
Sickle Cell Mutation: A genetic change causing abnormal hemoglobin, leading to sickle-shaped red blood cells. Pros: reduced risk of malaria, cons: anemia, pain.
Homozygous Recessive - Sickle Cell Disease Genotype:* ss
Phenotype: Observable characteristics (e.g., height and eye colour).
Genotype: Genetic makeup (e.g., the combination of alleles).
Homozygous: Having identical alleles for a particular gene.
Heterozygous: Having different alleles for a particular gene.
New Species Formation: A new species forms when a group within a population becomes reproductively isolated.

Dolphin and Fish Population

Dolphin feeding habits: Dolphins eat both colorful and silver fish.
Color change impact: If the coral reef loses its color, colorful fish may be less camouflaged, making them more vulnerable to predators.
Impact of dolphin vision: If dolphins can see silver fish easier, the population of colorful fish may decrease because they are more visible to predators.
Color change in fish: The change in coloration is likely due to natural selection, where silver fish are better camouflaged, making them more likely to survive and pass on their genes.

Evolutionary Tree

Evolutionary relationships: The diagram shows the evolutionary relationships between different species, with the common ancestor at the base.
Extinct and extant species: The tree indicates which species existed before others, and which species are still around.
Shared Ancestry: The closer two species are on the tree, the more recently they shared a common ancestor.

Additional Questions

Insect vs Mammal species: Insects are more numerous than mammals.
Fossil Formation: Fossils found in lower layers are older than those in upper layers, indicating a chronological order.
Evolution of land mammals into whales: Adaptations occurred to facilitate life in the water, gradually.
Sixth Extinction: A period of significant loss of species.
Human evolution and impact Humans are affected by evolution, but also affect evolution. Examples are antibiotic resistance.
Bacteria: Unicellular.
Punnett Square Probability: A Punnett Square is used to predict the probability of genotypes of offspring from parents with known genotypes.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of evolution in this study guide. Discover key ideas like mutation, variation, heredity, and the contrasting theories of Charles Darwin and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. This guide provides insights into natural selection, antibiotic resistance, and the implications of artificial selection.