Evolution Study Guide: Geologic Timeline
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Questions and Answers

How old is the Earth approximately?

  • 5.6 billion years
  • 3.5 billion years
  • 6.6 billion years
  • 4.6 billion years (correct)

    • When did life form on Earth approximately?

  • 4.6 billion years ago
  • 3.5 billion years ago (correct)
  • 1.5 billion years ago
  • 2.5 billion years ago

    • In what era did reptiles and amphibians evolve?

  • Neozoic
  • Cenozoic
  • Mesozoic
  • Paleozoic (correct)

    • What gas was not present in the early atmosphere of Earth?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cyanobacteria in the development of life on Earth?

    <p>Producing oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of relative dating?

    <p>To determine the relative age of a fossil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evolution describes organisms that have not evolved from a common ancestor but have structures that are similar?

    <p>Convergent evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe structures that are structurally different but perform similar functions?

    <p>Analogous structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between convergent and divergent evolution?

    <p>Divergent evolution involves a common ancestor, while convergent evolution does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vestigial structure?

    <p>A structure that is inherited from an ancestor but is no longer used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the hip bone/pelvis combo considered vestigial in whales?

    <p>Because whales do not have hips and do not need their hip bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does comparative embryology support?

    <p>The theory of evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that drives the process of natural selection?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an adaptation?

    <p>The variation in beak shape in Galapagos finches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is most closely related to humans based on the amino acid sequence data?

    <p>Chimpanzee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature that all organisms share, indicating their common ancestry?

    <p>Vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of Charles Darwin's findings on the Galapagos Islands?

    <p>The development of the theory of evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism has the most differences in its amino acid sequence compared to humans?

    <p>Frog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind 'survival of the fittest'?

    <p>The ones with the stronger traits will survive, and the ones with the weaker traits will die off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of adaptation is represented by birds migrating in the winter to get food?

    <p>Behavioral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of selection is represented by a population of arctic hares becoming smaller in size over time?

    <p>Directional Selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between natural selection and artificial selection?

    <p>Natural selection is when an organism adapts to their environment, artificial selection is when humans choose the traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of physiological adaptation?

    <p>Squid spraying black ink when threatened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of selection is represented by seed cracker birds either having large beaks or small beaks, but not medium-sized beaks?

    <p>Disruptive Selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely reason why the pesticide is no longer effective against the insects?

    <p>The insects have developed a resistance to the pesticide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the random change in the frequency of alleles or genes in a population?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why populations, not individuals, evolve?

    <p>Because it takes time for a trait to become fixed in a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of isolation is most likely to occur when a group of birds offers food gifts to attract mates, while another group offers colored objects for decorating nests?

    <p>Behavioral Isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transfer of genes in and out of an area?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five conditions that must be met for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

    <p>Random mating, no mutation, no genetic drift, no gene flow, and infinite population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

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