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Questions and Answers
Which of these options is considered by scientists to be primarily responsible for evolution?
Which of these options is considered by scientists to be primarily responsible for evolution?
One of the most important features of Galapagos finches is that the shape of their _______ is related to their _____ habits.
One of the most important features of Galapagos finches is that the shape of their _______ is related to their _____ habits.
beak, feeding
The medium ground finch of the Galápagos islands feeds on small seeds, produced in abundance during ____ years.
The medium ground finch of the Galápagos islands feeds on small seeds, produced in abundance during ____ years.
wet
Prior to 1850, the melanic form of the peppered moth in Europe was:
Prior to 1850, the melanic form of the peppered moth in Europe was:
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Bernard Kettlewell tested Tutt's hypothesis on peppered moths by releasing____ numbers of dark and light individuals into two sets of woods, and then recapturing and counting the dark and light individuals that ______ in each of the woods.
Bernard Kettlewell tested Tutt's hypothesis on peppered moths by releasing____ numbers of dark and light individuals into two sets of woods, and then recapturing and counting the dark and light individuals that ______ in each of the woods.
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The primary process responsible for evolution is ________ _______.
The primary process responsible for evolution is ________ _______.
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Galapagos finches with powerful thick beaks typically eat large:
Galapagos finches with powerful thick beaks typically eat large:
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Peter and Rosemary Grant studied natural selection in Galápagos finches for more than 40 years; which species was the focus of their research?
Peter and Rosemary Grant studied natural selection in Galápagos finches for more than 40 years; which species was the focus of their research?
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Starting in 1850 when Europe became industrialized, the frequency of melanic forms of the peppered moth in populations ______ until they made up ______ of some population.
Starting in 1850 when Europe became industrialized, the frequency of melanic forms of the peppered moth in populations ______ until they made up ______ of some population.
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How did Bernard Kettlewell test Tutt's hypothesis about peppered moths?
How did Bernard Kettlewell test Tutt's hypothesis about peppered moths?
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The phenomenon, where dark forms of moths become more prevalent than light forms in industrialized areas, is known as:
The phenomenon, where dark forms of moths become more prevalent than light forms in industrialized areas, is known as:
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The observation that the relative frequencies of melanic to light peppered moths changes with the color of tree bark provides support for:
The observation that the relative frequencies of melanic to light peppered moths changes with the color of tree bark provides support for:
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In ______ selection, humans choose the parents of the next generation, while ________ selection, organisms that survive and reproduce are those that pass their genes on.
In ______ selection, humans choose the parents of the next generation, while ________ selection, organisms that survive and reproduce are those that pass their genes on.
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True or false: Artificial selection has only recently become possible because of advances in our knowledge of genetics.
True or false: Artificial selection has only recently become possible because of advances in our knowledge of genetics.
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In the laboratory setting, selection for a trait in fruit flies:
In the laboratory setting, selection for a trait in fruit flies:
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The primary difference between natural and artificial selection is:
The primary difference between natural and artificial selection is:
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Economically important organisms that have been modified significantly through artificial selection include:
Economically important organisms that have been modified significantly through artificial selection include:
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The great variety of breeds of cats, dogs and other domestic animals have arisen through:
The great variety of breeds of cats, dogs and other domestic animals have arisen through:
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What type of evidence for evolution is provided by fossils?
What type of evidence for evolution is provided by fossils?
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True or false: Even though humans have used artificial selection for centuries, only animals have been significantly modified by our efforts.
True or false: Even though humans have used artificial selection for centuries, only animals have been significantly modified by our efforts.
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Varieties of which of the following organisms are the result of artificial selection?
Varieties of which of the following organisms are the result of artificial selection?
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In all cases when scientists have performed artificial selection experiments on fruit flies, a strong and predictable ____ response has been observed.
In all cases when scientists have performed artificial selection experiments on fruit flies, a strong and predictable ____ response has been observed.
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Study Notes
Evolutionary Processes
- Natural selection is primarily responsible for evolution.
- Processes altering a population's genetic makeup include natural selection, mutation, migration, and genetic drift.
Galapagos Finches
- Finch beak shapes are linked to their feeding habits.
- The medium ground finch feeds on small seeds, which are abundant during wet years.
- Galapagos finches exhibit different beak types: powerful thick beaks for large seeds, small narrow beaks, and sharp beaks for blood.
Peppered Moths
- Before 1850, the melanic form of the peppered moth was very rare in Europe.
- Industrial melanism describes the prevalence of dark moths in polluted areas.
- Bernard Kettlewell tested Tutt's hypothesis by releasing equal numbers of dark and light moths in different woods and later recapturing them to assess survival rates.
Natural Selection Evidence
- Light moths increase in abundance with clean air legislation, supporting natural selection.
- The frequency of melanic forms of peppered moths increased in industrial areas, demonstrating adaptation to environmental changes.
Artificial Selection
- Artificial selection has been utilized by humans for centuries, not just recently due to advances in genetics.
- The primary distinction between natural and artificial selection is how breeding parents are chosen—either by humans or by survival of the fittest.
- Economically significant organisms modified through artificial selection include corn, cattle, and pigs.
Additional Facts
- Domestic animals such as cats and dogs have diversified breeds via artificial selection.
- Fossils provide direct evidence of evolution.
- Fruit fly selection experiments consistently yield predictable evolutionary responses.
Misconceptions
- Artificial selection has led to significant modifications in both animals and plants, countering the notion that only animals have been affected.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on the key processes that influence the genetic makeup of populations, especially with a focus on natural selection. This set of flashcards also covers the fascinating adaptations of Galapagos finches and their feeding habits. Perfect for students studying evolution and natural selection concepts.
