Evolution of Genes and Genomes
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Questions and Answers

Which type of mutation results in the production of a different polypeptide?

  • Somatic mutation
  • Synonymous mutation
  • Nonsynonymous mutation (correct)
  • Germ-line mutation

    • What is the approximate mutation rate in humans per 10^10 nucleotides copied?

  • 100
  • 10
  • 3 (correct)
  • 1

    • How many genome replications occur from a fertilized egg to a female gamete?

  • 20-30 (correct)
  • 0.1-1
  • 200
  • 10-100

    • What is the advantage of individuals who can digest milk sugar (lactose) from domesticated cows during starvation?

    <p>Increased energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism can generate proteins with new combinations of domains?

    <p>Exon shuffling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the human genome is made up of noncoding and repetitive sequences?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic element makes up approximately 15% of the human genome?

    <p>LINE-1 elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many human genes are present in a DNA segment of 50,000 nucleotide pairs?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the DNA in protein-coding regions is conserved with other mammals and does not encode for protein?

    <p>3.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme catalyzes transposition in DNA-only transposons?

    <p>Transposase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a genome?

    <p>The content of genetic material unique for each species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hybridization between two single DNA strands?

    <p>To study the organization of the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique can be used to visualize the chromosomal localization of a nonrepeated DNA sequence?

    <p>FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of DNA sequence variation between two humans?

    <p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are found in protein-coding sequences?

    <p>60,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on protein function?

    <p>They may change the function of the protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe alterations in genes and genomes?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common outcome of alterations in genes and genomes?

    <p>Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying genes and genomes?

    <p>To understand genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a gene in encoding a protein?

    <p>To encode a nuclear lamin protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

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