Evolution of Genes and Genomes
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Questions and Answers

Which type of mutation results in the production of a different polypeptide?

  • Somatic mutation
  • Synonymous mutation
  • Nonsynonymous mutation (correct)
  • Germ-line mutation

What is the approximate mutation rate in humans per 10^10 nucleotides copied?

  • 100
  • 10
  • 3 (correct)
  • 1

How many genome replications occur from a fertilized egg to a female gamete?

  • 20-30 (correct)
  • 0.1-1
  • 200
  • 10-100

What is the advantage of individuals who can digest milk sugar (lactose) from domesticated cows during starvation?

<p>Increased energy production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism can generate proteins with new combinations of domains?

<p>Exon shuffling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the human genome is made up of noncoding and repetitive sequences?

<p>15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of genetic element makes up approximately 15% of the human genome?

<p>LINE-1 elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many human genes are present in a DNA segment of 50,000 nucleotide pairs?

<p>4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the DNA in protein-coding regions is conserved with other mammals and does not encode for protein?

<p>3.5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes transposition in DNA-only transposons?

<p>Transposase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a genome?

<p>The content of genetic material unique for each species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hybridization between two single DNA strands?

<p>To study the organization of the genome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique can be used to visualize the chromosomal localization of a nonrepeated DNA sequence?

<p>FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of DNA sequence variation between two humans?

<p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are found in protein-coding sequences?

<p>60,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on protein function?

<p>They may change the function of the protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe alterations in genes and genomes?

<p>Mutation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common outcome of alterations in genes and genomes?

<p>Neutral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of studying genes and genomes?

<p>To understand genetic variation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a gene in encoding a protein?

<p>To encode a nuclear lamin protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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