Evolution of Cranial Skeleton in Early Reptiles - BIOL 2706 Lecture 7
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Questions and Answers

Which group of reptiles has two temporal holes, one above and below the postorbital bones?

  • Diapsids (correct)
  • Anapsids
  • Synapsids
  • Monotremes
  • What type of skull does a diapsid have?

  • Three holes
  • No holes
  • One hole
  • Two holes (correct)
  • Which group of creatures lost many small dermal bones in the temporal region?

  • Amphibians
  • Birds
  • Reptiles (correct)
  • Mammals
  • What is the function of temporal fenestration in reptiles?

    <p>To allow jaw muscles to attach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of animals has a similar hyobranchial apparatus to reptiles?

    <p>Crocodilians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evolutionary advantage of having temporal openings in reptile skulls?

    <p>Enhanced jaw muscle efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What served as a fulcrum for the lower jaw (mandibular arch) when the palatoquadrate became the lower jaw?

    <p>Hyomandibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of species had a Hyostylic hyobranchial apparatus in their jaws?

    <p>Derived sharks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the velum of lampreys and the jaws of gnathostomes?

    <p>5th cranial nerve (trigeminal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure could have potentially evolved from the velum in lampreys?

    <p>Jaws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of species had secondary Autostylic jaws, specifically for eating hard food and shellfish?

    <p>Tetrapods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which group of species did the distance from eyes to snout lengthen as jaws also lengthened?

    <p>Extinct choanate fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In living amphibians, which of the following is true about the skull?

    <p>Dermal bones in the orbital and temporal region are retained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure becomes the columella, a simple auditory ossicle in frogs?

    <p>Dorsal hyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the dermal bones connecting the pectoral girdle to the skull in basal tetrapods?

    <p>They were completely lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group lacks a dermatocranium according to the text?

    <p>Chondrichthyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature characterizes the skull of early reptilomorphs?

    <p>Anapsid skull structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the development of temporal fenestration in gnathostomes?

    <p>Temporal fenestration develops from dermal bones alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to splenial bones in extant reptiles?

    <p>They are completely lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is a common factor in the evolution of jaw joints in most vertebrates?

    <p><em>Quadrate &amp; articular</em> bones are involved in jaw joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In early reptilomorphs, what is notable about their skull structure?

    <p>Advanced development of <em>temporal fenestration</em> within the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

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