Questions and Answers
What was the primary function of the telegraph introduced in the 1830s-1840s?
Who invented the telephone and in what year?
Which of the following was a key technology introduced with ARPANET?
What was the first message transmitted over ARPANET?
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What significant protocol suite became standard for ARPANET in 1983?
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Who invented the World Wide Web and in which year?
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What was a significant effect of the introduction of web browsers in the 1990s?
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What do TCP and IP stand for in the context of the TCP/IP protocol suite?
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of computer networks?
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What technology is primarily associated with voice and video calls over the network?
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Which layer of the OSI Model is responsible for routing and addressing?
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Which of the following is an advantage of protocol layering?
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Which of the following protocols is typically used for file sharing?
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What is cloud computing primarily known for?
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Which of the following represents the ability of different devices and software to work together through protocol layering?
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Which method is commonly used for real-time multiplayer gaming over the network?
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Study Notes
Evolution of Computer Networks
Early Communication Systems
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Telegraph (1830s-1840s):
- First electrical communication system utilizing Morse code.
- Enabled long-distance text messaging over wires.
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Telephone (1876):
- Invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
- Transmitted sound as electrical signals for voice communication.
ARPANET and the Birth of the Internet (1960s)
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Development:
- ARPANET, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, marked the beginning of networked communications.
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Packet Switching:
- Introduced a method where data is split into packets, allowing independent transmission.
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First Message (1969):
- The initial transmission attempted to send "LOGIN" but crashed after "LO."
- Full successful transmission was completed later, laying the groundwork for future Internet communications.
Modern Internet (1990s-Present)
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TCP/IP Protocol Suite (1983):
- Became the standard for ARPANET, consisting of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol).
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World Wide Web (1989):
- Developed by Tim Berners-Lee, it allowed interlinked hypertext documents accessible via the Internet.
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Expansion and Growth:
- 1990s saw rapid Internet expansion with web browsers like Mosaic and Netscape.
- The current Internet connects billions of devices, including computers, smartphones, and IoT devices.
Goals of Computer Networks
Communication
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Email:
- Early application for instant text communication involving attachments.
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Instant Messaging:
- Enables real-time text conversations through platforms like WhatsApp and Slack.
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Voice and Video Calls:
- Supported by technologies like VoIP, facilitating services such as Skype and Zoom.
Resource Sharing
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File Sharing:
- Utilizes protocols like FTP and peer-to-peer networks for transferring files.
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Printer and Peripheral Sharing:
- Multiple users can access shared hardware resources, leading to cost savings.
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Application Sharing:
- Users can access software applications hosted on central servers.
Data Access
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Remote Databases:
- Allows management and access to data from remote locations.
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Cloud Computing:
- Provides on-demand access to computing resources and applications via platforms like AWS and Google Cloud.
Entertainment
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Streaming Services:
- Delivers video and audio content through platforms like Netflix, YouTube, and Spotify.
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Online Gaming:
- Supports real-time multiplayer gaming experiences via networks (e.g., Steam, Xbox Live).
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Social Media:
- Facilitates content sharing and interaction among users on platforms like Facebook and Twitter.
Protocol Layering
Concept of Protocol Layering
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Definition:
- Segregates network communication into layers, each fulfilling specific functions.
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Benefits:
- Simplification: Makes network management and understanding easier.
- Interoperability: Allows devices from different manufacturers to work together effectively.
- Modularity: Enables independent development and updating of separate layers.
OSI Model
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Layers:
- Physical Layer: Handles raw bitstream transmission through physical media.
- Data Link Layer: Focuses on error detection, correction, and framing of data.
- Network Layer: Responsible for routing and addressing of packets (e.g., IP addresses).
- Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data transfer, utilizing protocols like TCP or UDP.
- Session Layer: Manages sessions and dialogues between applications.
- Presentation Layer: Prepares and translates data for the application layer.
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Description
Explore the fascinating history of computer networks from early communication systems like the telegraph and telephone to the groundbreaking development of ARPANET. This quiz delves into the key inventions and milestones that shaped modern networking technologies. Test your knowledge on how these innovations laid the foundation for the Internet as we know it today.
