CH 9: Evolution in Present Times

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Questions and Answers

What is a clear example of natural selection mentioned in the text?

  • Resistance to chemicals
  • Development of insecticides
  • Use of antibiotics
  • Resistance to medical treatments (correct)

How do resistant insect populations develop according to the text?

  • By adapting to new environments
  • Through behavioral changes
  • Due to genetic mutations (correct)
  • By migrating to new areas

What happens when a new insecticide is introduced according to the text?

  • It kills all insects in the population
  • It kills susceptible insects (correct)
  • It has no effect on the insects
  • It only kills resistant insects

How do resistant genes become more prevalent within a population over time?

<p>By natural selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significantly impacts agricultural practices and pest control measures?

<p>Development of resistant insects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the resurgence of tuberculosis?

<p>Genetic mutations within the bacterial population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB strains require more prolonged and expensive treatment?

<p>They are resistant to traditional antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does HIV resistance to antiretroviral medication occur?

<p>Viruses without resistance genes are suppressed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the variation in bill (beak) and body size of Galapagos finches?

<p>Availability of food resources and environmental conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding evolutionary processes important in managing public health, agriculture, and conservation efforts?

<p>To address environmental pressures and challenges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does antibiotic resistance in tuberculosis bacteria increase?

<p>Incomplete antibiotic courses by patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB strains?

<p>Genetic mutations within the bacterial population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does HIV resistance to antiretroviral medication occur?

<p>Rapid mutation rate of the HIV virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the evolution of varying beak shapes and sizes in Galapagos finches?

<p>Abundance of food resources and environmental conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding evolutionary processes crucial in managing public health, agriculture, and conservation efforts?

<p>To address challenges posed by changing environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key example of natural selection discussed in the text?

<p>Survival of insect populations resistant to insecticides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does natural selection lead to the development of resistant insect populations?

<p>By allowing only genetically mutated insects to reproduce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do genetic variations play a critical role in the evolution of resistance to medical treatments and chemicals?

<p>To provide a chance for some organisms to survive and reproduce (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the evolution of resistance in pest species have on agricultural practices?

<p>It significantly impacts pest control measures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of resistance to medical treatments, why is understanding natural selection crucial?

<p>To develop new treatment strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB strains?

<p>Genetic mutations within the bacterial population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does antiretroviral therapy (ART) affect viruses within a patient's body?

<p>Suppresses viruses without resistance genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB strains require more prolonged and expensive treatment?

<p>The resistance makes them harder to eliminate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do patients contribute to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in tuberculosis bacteria?

<p>By not completing their antibiotic courses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the evolution of varying beak shapes and sizes in Galapagos finches?

<p>Genetic mutations in the finch population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common example of natural selection and evolution in contemporary times mentioned in the text?

<p>Evolution of insect populations resistant to pesticides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do genetic mutations contribute to the development of resistance in pest species against insecticides?

<p>By providing natural resistance to certain individuals within the pest population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant impact of the evolution of resistance in pest species worldwide, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Alteration of agricultural practices to combat resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does natural selection favor the survival and reproduction of individuals with genetic resistance to insecticides?

<p>To ensure only resistant individuals pass on their genes for future generations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do environmental pressures like medical treatments lead to the survival of only certain organisms, as mentioned in the text?

<p>By favoring the survival of individuals with certain genetic variations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB strains?

<p>Genetic mutations within the bacterial population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do HIV viruses without resistance genes get suppressed by antiretroviral therapy (ART)?

<p>Because they lack the mechanisms to evade ART (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Galapagos finches, what drives the evolution of varying beak shapes and sizes?

<p>Selective pressure from food sources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does evolution in present times have significant implications for human society and the natural world?

<p>As a response to environmental pressures and challenges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that leads to treatment failure in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART)?

<p>Rapid mutation in the virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB strains require more prolonged and expensive treatment?

<p>Because they are resistant to common antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do genetic mutations contribute to the development of resistance in pest species against insecticides?

<p>By enabling them to cope with pesticide exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do environmental conditions play in the evolution of Galapagos finches?

<p>Drive adaptation based on food sources available (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is resistance to antiretroviral medication considered an example of evolution in real-time?

<p>Because it showcases rapid mutation within viruses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do rapidly mutating viruses like HIV pose a challenge for treatment strategies?

<p>By increasing the chances of developing resistant strains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of genetic mutations in insects when a new insecticide is introduced?

<p>Development of resistance to the insecticide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the prevalence of resistant genes within a population impact pest control measures?

<p>Exacerbates the resistance problem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of the evolution of resistance in pest species on agricultural practices?

<p>Increased crop damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of natural selection's role in resistance development, what is favored for survival and reproduction?

<p>Individuals with favorable traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the use of insecticides contribute to the development of resistant insect populations over time?

<p>By eliminating all insects except for the resistant ones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do individuals with genetic variations that confer resistance have a survival advantage?

<p>As they are able to pass on their resistance to offspring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the future effectiveness of an insecticide when resistant genes become prevalent in a population?

<p>It will become less effective against the pests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant impact of the development of resistant strains of tuberculosis-causing bacteria?

<p>Longer duration and more expensive treatment regimens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does natural selection play a role in the survival of insects when exposed to insecticides?

<p>It allows insects with genetic resistance to survive and reproduce. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the development of resistance in pest species pose a challenge for pest control measures?

<p>It necessitates the use of higher doses of insecticides. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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