Evolution, Ecology and Adaptation

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Which of the following is the most accurate and complete definition of evolution?

Changes in the genetic makeup of a population over generations. (correct)
The survival of the fittest individuals in a population.
The process by which organisms adapt to their environment over time.
The development of new species from pre-existing species.

How does natural selection primarily influence the process of evolution?

By directly inducing genetic mutations in individuals.
By favoring the survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits. (correct)
By ensuring all individuals in a population have an equal chance of survival.
By preventing gene flow between different populations.

Which statement best describes the relationship between traits, mutations, and adaptations?

Adaptations are pre-existing traits that arise independently of mutations.
Mutations can lead to new traits that, if advantageous, can become adaptations through natural selection. (correct)
Traits are always beneficial, while mutations are always harmful, leading to adaptations.
Mutations are simply random changes that have no impact on traits or adaptations.

Interspecific competition and intraspecific competition both affect population dynamics. What is the key difference between them?

Interspecific competition occurs between different species; intraspecific competition occurs within the same species. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Variation is crucial for the long-term survival of species. Why is variation of individuals in a population so important?

It provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon, allowing populations to adapt to changing conditions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the ecological concept of interdependence?

Bees pollinating flowers while gathering nectar, and the flowers, in turn, are able to reproduce. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A plant species exhibits increased growth rate and leaf size when grown in partial shade compared to direct sunlight. Which factor is most directly influencing this plant's phenotype?

Light intensity. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How might a significant and prolonged change in precipitation patterns in a region most directly impact interspecies competition?

By altering the availability of critical resources, thus intensifying competition. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organism characteristics would least likely be influenced by its internal circadian rhythm?

Development of physical disabilities (A) Signup and view all the answers

Consider a population of birds where males with brighter plumage are preferred by females. Over time, pollution causes the plumage to become duller. What is the most likely outcome based on ecological principles?

An overall decrease in the bird population due to reduced reproductive success. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Definition of Evolution

Evolution is the process by which species change over time through adaptation and natural selection.

Natural Selection's Role

Natural selection is a mechanism that drives evolution by favoring individuals with advantageous traits to survive and reproduce.

Adaptations vs. Traits

Adaptations are beneficial traits that enhance survival; a trait is any characteristic, while a mutation is a change in DNA that can occur randomly.

Intraspecific vs. Interspecific Interactions

Intraspecific interactions occur among individuals of the same species, while interspecific interactions occur among different species.