Evolution Definitions Quiz

<p>To understand how genetic diversity changes within a population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides evidence that natural selection can favor beneficial mutations even if they cause disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catastrophism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microevolution focuses on short-term changes within a population, while macroevolution encompasses long-term evolutionary patterns across species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Establishing a theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An alternative form of a gene that arises through mutation and is located at the same position on a chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify and trace the evolutionary history of humans and their primate relatives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that natural processes have remained constant throughout history, providing a framework for understanding how evolution occurs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lamarckism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Artificial selection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To introduce genetic diversity into the offspring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The founder effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alleles influence the phenotype, and the environment can also play a role. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of membrane-bound organelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disruptive selection favors extreme phenotypes while stabilizing selection favors average phenotypes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The wings of bats and birds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gene flow increases genetic diversity by introducing new alleles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A haploid cell has one set of chromosomes, while a diploid cell has two sets of chromosomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mendel proved that traits are inherited through genes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tail (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological anthropology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convergent evolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endogamy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paleontology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blue eyes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are constant and have operated throughout Earth's history. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It describes how traits are transmitted through genes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The double helix structure of DNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They define the position of body structures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They initiate or inhibit gene transcription. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gametes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different genes are inherited independently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One allele for a trait is distributed to each gamete. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ABO blood type system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptations occur through use and disuse. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External factors affecting growth and behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They demonstrated the role of environmental pressures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produces two genetically identical daughter cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meiosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A general statement about the evolution of species.

A set of rules guiding scientific practice involving observations, hypotheses, experiments, and analysis.

A theory integrating Darwin’s natural selection with Mendelian genetics; mutation plays a central role.

Long-term patterns and processes of evolution leading to the formation of new species.

Study of genetic changes within a population over time; explains adaptation and genetic variation.

A process where species adapt to their environment; advantageous traits help survival and reproduction.

An evolutionary theory stating organisms can inherit acquired traits from their parents.

Principle that current processes shaping the Earth are similar to those in the past.

A variant of a gene inherited from one parent.

Observable characteristics or traits of an organism.

Unicellular organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus.

Organisms with cells containing a nucleus and organelles.

Both dominant alleles fully expressed in heterozygotes.

Cell with a single set of chromosomes.

Cell with two complete sets of chromosomes.

Process that creates genetic diversity by mixing DNA segments.

Total genetic information within a population.

Transfer of genetic material between populations.

Random change in allele frequencies due to chance events.

Genetic phenomenon when a small group isolates from a larger population.

Permanent changes in an organism's genetic material.

Father of genetics known for pea plant experiments.

The process by which reproductive cells are formed.

Amino acids that must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them.

A principle that describes a stable, non-evolving population under specific conditions.

A genetic disorder affecting red blood cells, revealing insights into fitness and evolution.

The interconnectedness of evolution, life history, and human traits like longevity and sociality.

Foundation for understanding human population dynamics and environment interaction.

Principles describing how traits are passed from parents to offspring via genes.

British scientist who contributed to understanding DNA's molecular structure.

Regulate body plan by specifying embryo development along head-tail axis.

Genes that initiate or inhibit the transcription of other genes.

Process where DNA and RNA direct the production of proteins.

Illustrates natural selection showing adaptation to environment.

Sex cells that contain half the number of chromosomes, crucial for reproduction.

Somatic cells are diploid body cells; gametes are haploid reproductive cells.

Genes segregate independently during gamete formation.

Alleles separate during gamete formation, combining randomly in zygotes.

ABO blood system shows multiple alleles with codominant traits.