Evolution by Natural Selection

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What is the fundamental basis of the scientific process?

Observation, critique, and modification

Why do conspiracy theories exist?

Fun for stories, creating doubt about scientific findings, personal gain, fame

Define cells.

Basic building blocks of life, smallest functional unit of life

What are the two main types of cells and their characteristics?

Prokaryotic (simple, unicellular, smaller, more ancient, DNA in nucleoid region), Eukaryotic (complex, larger, with clear nucleus, more modern, other membrane-bound organelles) Signup and view all the answers

Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

In the cytoplasm of the cell in an area called the nucleoid region Signup and view all the answers

Give examples of organisms that are prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

Prokaryotic: Bacteria and Archaea, Eukaryotic: Plants, animals, fungi Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism through which evolution occurs according to Darwin?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

What are the traits that natural selection acts directly on?

Phenotypes Signup and view all the answers

In the example of deer with and without camouflage coats, which deer has an adaptive advantage?

Deer with camouflage coats Signup and view all the answers

If all deer without camouflage coats were unable to mate, what would the next generation of deer look like?

Multicolored coats Signup and view all the answers

Why is evolution considered a slow process that occurs over many generations?

Observing changes over many generations is difficult Signup and view all the answers

What does the theory of evolution explain?

Diversification of life over time Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of homeostasis in living organisms?

Maintaining internal balance allows an organism to survive temporary changes in its environment. Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of how homeostasis helps prevent widespread extinction.

Periods of dry weather or drastic temperature changes would cause widespread extinction without homeostasis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal temperature at which the human body is maintained?

37 degrees Celsius Signup and view all the answers

Why do living organisms need to take substances from their environment?

To obtain energy, grow, and stay healthy. Signup and view all the answers

How do plants like trees obtain their food?

Through photosynthesis by using energy from the sun to produce sugar. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of animals from one place to another?

Locomotion Signup and view all the answers

What is the net gain of ATP in the investment phase of cellular respiration?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Where do the preparatory reactions of cellular respiration occur?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced in the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Produce ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

How many molecules of ATP are produced in total in cellular respiration?

36 to 38 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ATP in the body?

ATP is used for almost everything in the body. Signup and view all the answers

Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts. Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Glucose and Oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main steps in photosynthesis?

Light Reactions and Calvin Cycle. Signup and view all the answers

Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur?

The light reactions occur in the thylakoid of the chloroplast. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two photosystems used in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Photosystem I and Photosystem II. Signup and view all the answers