30 Questions
What is the process by which humans selectively breed animals to produce desired traits called?
Artificial selection
What is an example of a population that has undergone directed artificial selection?
Broiler chickens
What is the basis for natural selection in an individual organism?
Ability to survive and reproduce
What is the term for the process by which a population becomes reproductively isolated from other populations?
Gene flow
What is the term for the random change in the frequency of a gene or genotype in a population?
Genetic drift
What is the term for the process by which individuals in a population choose mates non-randomly?
Non-random mating
What is the primary reason for the fluctuations in allele and genotype frequencies within a population from generation to generation?
Evolutionary processes acting upon genetic variation
What is the term for the movement of genes from one population to another, leading to changes in allele frequencies?
Gene flow
Which of the following evolutionary processes can result in the loss of genetic variation in a population?
Genetic drift
Which evolutionary process acts upon phenotypic differences between individuals, leading to changes in allele frequencies?
Natural selection
What is the term for the change in the frequency of a particular allele in a population due to chance events?
Genetic drift
What is the term for the mating patterns in which individuals choose mates with specific traits, leading to changes in allele frequencies?
Selective mating
What is the reason for the increase in the frequency of the A allele in the wildflower plant population?
Natural selection favoring the A allele
What happens to the frequency of the a allele in the population over generations?
It decreases
What is an example of genetic drift in this scenario?
None of the above
What is the outcome of natural selection on the wildflower plant population?
Microevolution via natural selection and adaptation to the environment
What is the cause of the change in allele frequencies in the population?
Natural selection and adaptation to the environment
What is the reason for the perturbation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the population?
Natural selection
What is the advantage of heterozygotes in balancing selection?
They are fitter than either homozygote.
What is the effect of heterozygous genotypes on alleles that are less favourable?
They persist in the population.
What is the consequence of a missense mutation in the β-globin gene?
Production of a sickle-shaped hemoglobin protein.
What is the relationship between the distribution of the sickle-cell anaemia allele and malaria in Africa?
The sickle-cell anaemia allele is more frequent where malaria is more prevalent.
What is the condition required for the maintenance of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
Random mating and no genetic drift.
What is the consequence of non-random mating in a population?
Disruption of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
What is the primary cause of the loss of genetic variation in the Northern Elephant Seal population?
The bottleneck effect, resulting in genetic drift
What is the consequence of the bottleneck event on the Northern Elephant Seal population's genetic diversity?
Fixed for one allele at each of the 24 genes
What is the term for the random fluctuation of allele frequencies over time in a population?
Genetic drift
Which of the following is an example of a population that has undergone artificial selection?
Global cattle populations
What is the primary mechanism driving the formation of new species?
Reproductive isolation
In the context of European livestock, what is the main factor influencing genetic diversity?
Artificial selection
Explore the principles of natural selection, how it leads to adaptive differences in populations, and how it compares to artificial selection. Learn about Darwin's examples from animal and plant breeding. Test your knowledge on the basics of evolution!
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