Evolution by Natural Selection
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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which humans selectively breed animals to produce desired traits called?

  • Genetic drift
  • Natural selection
  • Gene flow
  • Artificial selection (correct)

    • What is an example of a population that has undergone directed artificial selection?

  • Broiler chickens (correct)
  • Rock pigeons
  • Galápagos tortoises
  • Darwin's finches

    • What is the basis for natural selection in an individual organism?

  • Ability to migrate to new habitats
  • Ability to undergo genetic mutation
  • Ability to adapt to environment
  • Ability to survive and reproduce (correct)

    • What is the term for the process by which a population becomes reproductively isolated from other populations?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the random change in the frequency of a gene or genotype in a population?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which individuals in a population choose mates non-randomly?

    <p>Non-random mating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the fluctuations in allele and genotype frequencies within a population from generation to generation?

    <p>Evolutionary processes acting upon genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of genes from one population to another, leading to changes in allele frequencies?

    <p>Gene flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following evolutionary processes can result in the loss of genetic variation in a population?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary process acts upon phenotypic differences between individuals, leading to changes in allele frequencies?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the change in the frequency of a particular allele in a population due to chance events?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mating patterns in which individuals choose mates with specific traits, leading to changes in allele frequencies?

    <p>Selective mating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the increase in the frequency of the A allele in the wildflower plant population?

    <p>Natural selection favoring the A allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the frequency of the a allele in the population over generations?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of genetic drift in this scenario?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of natural selection on the wildflower plant population?

    <p>Microevolution via natural selection and adaptation to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of the change in allele frequencies in the population?

    <p>Natural selection and adaptation to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the perturbation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the population?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of heterozygotes in balancing selection?

    <p>They are fitter than either homozygote.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of heterozygous genotypes on alleles that are less favourable?

    <p>They persist in the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a missense mutation in the β-globin gene?

    <p>Production of a sickle-shaped hemoglobin protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the distribution of the sickle-cell anaemia allele and malaria in Africa?

    <p>The sickle-cell anaemia allele is more frequent where malaria is more prevalent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition required for the maintenance of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

    <p>Random mating and no genetic drift.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of non-random mating in a population?

    <p>Disruption of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the loss of genetic variation in the Northern Elephant Seal population?

    <p>The bottleneck effect, resulting in genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the bottleneck event on the Northern Elephant Seal population's genetic diversity?

    <p>Fixed for one allele at each of the 24 genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the random fluctuation of allele frequencies over time in a population?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a population that has undergone artificial selection?

    <p>Global cattle populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism driving the formation of new species?

    <p>Reproductive isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of European livestock, what is the main factor influencing genetic diversity?

    <p>Artificial selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

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