Evolution and Speciation Quiz

<p>Homologous structures are similar due to shared ancestry, while analogous structures are similar due to convergent evolution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pentadactyl limbs of humans and whales (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species evolving to become more different over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To favor organisms with traits that improve their survival and reproductive success. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins with similar amino acid sequences suggest a common ancestor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overproduction of offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-living environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nesting sites availability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates competition in the population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may stress organisms and affect their metabolism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Advantageous traits that provide a competitive edge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sunlight for photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They exhibit traits that help them tolerate environmental extremes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They determine which traits are inherited by future generations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They impact populations regardless of their density. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are encoded in the base sequence of genes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of all the genes and their different alleles in a population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can result in the formation of new species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental adaptation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different alleles can affect the traits observed within a population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How common an allele is within a population. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speciation resulting in new species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geographic isolation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Similar adaptations among populations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species evolving without physical barriers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass extinctions or colonization of new environments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal isolation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When two populations are separated by a newly formed river (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Darwin's finches developing different beak shapes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directional Selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In response to natural selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The frequencies of two different alleles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heritable traits that aid survival and reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevalence of medium-sized beaks in finches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces genetic variation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both very light and very dark mice in a mixed habitat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speciation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creation of multiple distinct species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.48 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of organisms from the same species in the same area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two dominant alleles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.36 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geographical isolation of populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The change in heritable characteristics of a population over generations.

Supports the concept of evolution through various means like DNA similarities.

An evolutionary process where humans choose traits for organisms to reproduce.

Similar structures in different species due to common ancestry.

Limbs in vertebrates with similar bone structure but different functions.

Evolution where related species evolve different traits or functions.

Unrelated species develop similar traits due to similar environments.

Structures that serve similar functions but evolved independently in different species.

The process where individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more than others.

Factors that impact population size based on its density, like competition for resources.

Factors affecting populations regardless of their density, like natural disasters.

Different forms of a gene that determine specific traits in an organism.

The complete set of genetic information within a population, including all alleles.

The proportion of a specific allele among all allele copies in a population.

The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution.

Characteristics that can be passed from parents to offspring through genes.

Variation of genes within a population that enhances survival.

Species produce more offspring than can survive, leading to competition.

Individuals compete for limited essentials like food and mates.

Essential resources that can restrict population growth if scarce.

Non-living environmental factors that influence survival and reproduction.

Traits that enhance an organism's ability to survive in changing conditions.

Small genetic changes within a population over time.

Major evolutionary changes that result in new species or groups.

Barriers that prevent interbreeding between populations.

Different environmental pressures lead to distinct adaptations in populations.

Speciation due to geographic barriers leading to population isolation.

Speciation occurring without physical barriers, often due to behavioral changes.

Rapid evolution of a single species into multiple forms adapted to different niches.

Darwin's finches and cichlids in African lakes are classic examples.

An individual with two identical dominant alleles (e.g., AA).

An individual with two identical recessive alleles (e.g., aa).

An individual with one dominant and one recessive allele (e.g., Aa).

The ratio of different genotypes in a genetic cross.

The ratio of different phenotypes that can appear in offspring from a genetic cross.

A group of organisms of the same species living in a specified area.

Random changes in allele frequencies in a population over time.

Type of selection that favors one extreme of a trait, shifting the population towards that trait.

Type of selection that favors both extremes of a trait while eliminating the average.

Type of selection that favors the average form of a trait and reduces extremes.

p² + 2pq + q² = 1; used to calculate allele or phenotypic frequencies.

p and q represent the frequency of two alleles; p + q = 1.

Changes in allele frequencies occur in response to natural selection, affecting the diversity of traits in a population.