Evolution and Genetics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which process is most likely to increase genetic diversity in a population?

Mutation (correct)

Natural selection

Genetic drift

Non-random mating

What is the main difference between artificial and natural selection?

Natural selection is faster than artificial selection.

There is no difference; they are the same process.

Artificial selection only involves plants, while natural selection only involves animals.

Artificial selection is guided by humans, whereas natural selection occurs without human intervention. (correct)

What is a vestigial structure?

A highly functional organ in an organism

A structure found only in fossil species

A new structure that evolves to help an organism adapt

A structure that has lost its original function over time (correct)

Which of the following is an example of directional selection?

The increase in beak size in a population of birds during a period of drought. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Meiosis results in the formation of four non-identical cells, while mitosis results in two identical cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an organism's genetic makeup?

Genotype Signup and view all the answers

What is genetic drift?

A random change in allele frequencies due to chance events, especially in small populations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a keystone species?

A species that has a disproportionate impact on its ecosystem relative to its abundance. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an r-selected species?

High reproduction rate and short lifespan Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of sympatric speciation?

It involves reproductive barriers without geographic separation. Signup and view all the answers

Which option describes the purpose of a survivorship curve?

It reflects the percentage of a population surviving at different ages. Signup and view all the answers

What does a node in a cladogram represent?

The common ancestor of the organisms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of chlorophyll during photosynthesis?

It absorbs light to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What defines proximate causes of behavior?

They explain the environmental triggers for behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adaptations is critical for survival of plants in terrestrial environments?

A waxy cuticle to minimize water loss. Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior exemplifies a learned behavior?

A dog learning to fetch a ball when commanded. Signup and view all the answers

What is primary growth in plants?

Growth that occurs through the elongation of cells. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Evolution and Mechanisms of Evolution

Genetic diversity increase: Mutation is most likely to increase genetic diversity in a population
Artificial vs. Natural Selection: Artificial selection is guided by humans, while natural selection occurs without human intervention.
Vestigial Structure: A structure that has lost its original function over time
Directional Selection: An increase in beak size in a population of birds during a period of drought is an example of directional selection

Genetics and Population Evolution

Meiosis vs. Mitosis: Meiosis results in four non-identical cells, while mitosis results in two identical cells.
Genotype: An organism's genetic makeup.
Genetic Drift: A random change in allele frequencies due to chance events, especially in small populations.

Ecology

Keystone Species: A species that has a disproportionate impact on its ecosystem relative to its abundance.
Survivorship Curve: Depicts the percentage of a population that survives at different ages.
R-selected species: Characterized by high reproduction rate and short lifespan

Speciation and Phylogeny

Sympatric Speciation: Speciation that occurs without geographic isolation, often due to reproductive barriers.
Cladogram Node: Represents the common ancestor of the organisms depicted.

Behavioral Ecology

Proximate vs. Ultimate Causes: Proximate causes refer to the immediate triggers of behavior, while ultimate causes refer to the evolutionary reasons for behavior.
Learned Behavior: An example is a dog learning to sit on command.

Plant Biology and Photosynthesis

Plant Adaptations for Land: A waxy cuticle to prevent water loss, extensive root systems, etc.
Primary Growth: Growth that occurs in the roots and stems through the elongation of cells.
Chlorophyll's Role: It absorbs sunlight and uses it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose.

True or False

Sexual Selection: True
Fungi as Autotrophs: False
Allopatric Speciation: True

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Description

Test your knowledge on the mechanisms of evolution, genetic diversity, and the principles of ecology. This quiz covers topics from natural selection to population genetics and key ecological concepts. Ideal for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding.