Evolution and Artificial Selection Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the estimated age of the first appearance of life on Earth?

  • 2.5 billion years ago
  • 3.5 billion years ago (correct)
  • 4.5 billion years ago
  • 1 billion years ago

    • What type of life is believed to have first appeared on Earth?

  • Plants
  • Fungi
  • Animals
  • Bacteria (correct)

    • What gases were present in the early Earth's atmosphere?

  • Oxygen and nitrogen
  • Nitrogen and methane
  • Carbon dioxide and methane (correct)
  • Oxygen and carbon dioxide

    • Why was the lack of ozone in the early Earth's atmosphere significant for the origin of life?

    <p>It hindered the evolution of terrestrial life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is one of the postulates of evolution proposed by Darwin?

    <p>Genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Darwin suggest is necessary for evolution to occur?

    <p>Survival of the fittest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important aspect of life for evolution to happen?

    <p>Genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of advantageous diversification mentioned in the text?

    <p>Peppered moth changing color due to pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria cannot survive in oxygen?

    <p>Anaerobic bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide?

    <p>H2O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called where organisms use chemicals from hydrothermal vents to produce energy?

    <p>Chemosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in evolution involves autotrophs developing the ability to make their own food?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the absence of ozone beneficial for early bacteria in the ocean?

    <p>Ozone would have changed the composition of early organic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Stanley Miller experiment produce?

    <p>Complex organic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is microevolution?

    <p>Evolution that happens on a small scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the discovery of the earth's age important for Darwin's theory of evolution?

    <p>It provided the necessary time frame for evolution to occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the reasons why the idea of survival of the fittest was misused in fascist Germany?

    <p>It was used to justify the extermination of other races</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'fit' mean in the context of the peppered moth example?

    <p>Being well-adapted to the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the previous belief about the creation of life before the idea of evolution?

    <p>Everything was individually created by God</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of being an autotroph?

    <p>They can manufacture their own food supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is used in photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen?

    <p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of photosynthesis?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called where organisms combine sugars with oxygen to produce energy?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which division of the geologic time scale is the largest?

    <p>Eon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the era that is known as the age of the dinosaurs?

    <p>Mesozoic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to the extinction of the dinosaurs and the rise of mammals?

    <p>Asteroid impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element undergoes spontaneous change and changes into lead over time?

    <p>Uranium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of carbon-14?

    <p>5730 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dating method is commonly used to determine the age of the Earth?

    <p>Radiometric dating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event led to the formation of the banded iron formation rock?

    <p>The great oxidation event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the great die off of anaerobic organisms?

    <p>The increase in oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allowed for the development of large multicellular organisms?

    <p>The concentration of oxygen in the ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the carboniferous time period, the oxygen concentration on Earth was above 30 percent. What dominated the Earth's surface during this time?

    <p>Plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the permian mass extinction, the largest mass extinction on the planet?

    <p>Volcanic eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were there extremely large organisms during the time of the dinosaurs?

    <p>Abundance of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of Earth's history is represented by the geologic time scale?

    <p>12%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the current epoch that humans might be on the edge of entering?

    <p>Anthropocene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the argument for potentially being in a new epoch?

    <p>Mass extinction event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated rate of extinction caused by humans compared to the normal rate?

    <p>Five times the normal rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of Earth's history represented by the portion of the geologic time scale shown in the presentation?

    <p>88%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Origin of Life on Earth

    • The estimated age of the first appearance of life on Earth is approximately 3.5 billion years ago.
    • The first life forms to appear on Earth are believed to be prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria.

    Early Earth's Atmosphere

    • The early Earth's atmosphere lacked oxygen and consisted of gases like methane, ammonia, and water vapor.
    • The absence of ozone in the early Earth's atmosphere allowed ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface, which was significant for the origin of life.

    Evolution

    • One of the postulates of evolution proposed by Darwin is that species change over time through natural selection.
    • Darwin suggested that variation, mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow are necessary for evolution to occur.
    • The most important aspect of life for evolution to happen is genetic variation.

    Microorganisms

    • An example of advantageous diversification is the ability of some bacteria to survive in extreme environments.
    • Obligate anaerobes are bacteria that cannot survive in oxygen.

    Chemistry and Energy Production

    • The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2O2.
    • Chemolithoautotrophy is the process where organisms use chemicals from hydrothermal vents to produce energy.

    Autotrophs and Photosynthesis

    • Step 3 in evolution involves autotrophs developing the ability to make their own food through photosynthesis.
    • The absence of ozone in the early Earth's atmosphere was beneficial for early bacteria in the ocean as it allowed them to thrive in an anaerobic environment.
    • The molecule used in photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen is chlorophyll.
    • The byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen and glucose.

    Carbon Cycle and Geologic Time Scale

    • Microevolution is the change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time.
    • The discovery of the Earth's age was important for Darwin's theory of evolution as it provided a timeline for evolution to occur.
    • The Stanley Miller experiment produced amino acids, the building blocks of life.

    Historical Context

    • Before the idea of evolution, the prevailing belief was that life was created by God.
    • The idea of survival of the fittest was misused in fascist Germany to justify racism and imperialism.
    • The term 'fit' in the context of the peppered moth example refers to the moth's ability to adapt to its environment.

    Geologic Time Scale

    • The largest division of the geologic time scale is the eon.
    • The Mesozoic Era is known as the age of the dinosaurs.
    • The event that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs and the rise of mammals is believed to be a massive asteroid impact.
    • Radioactive elements like uranium undergo spontaneous change and change into lead over time.
    • The half-life of carbon-14 is approximately 5,730 years.
    • Potassium-argon dating is commonly used to determine the age of the Earth.
    • The event that led to the formation of the banded iron formation rock was the oxygenation of the Earth's atmosphere.
    • The great die off of anaerobic organisms was caused by the increase in oxygen levels in the atmosphere.
    • The development of large multicellular organisms was allowed by the increase in oxygen levels.
    • During the Carboniferous time period, the oxygen concentration on Earth was above 30 percent, and lush forests dominated the Earth's surface.
    • The Permian-Triassic extinction event, the largest mass extinction on the planet, was caused by massive volcanic eruptions.
    • The reason for extremely large organisms during the time of the dinosaurs was the high oxygen levels.
    • Approximately 0.003% of Earth's history is represented by the geologic time scale.
    • The current epoch that humans might be on the edge of entering is the Anthropocene.
    • The argument for potentially being in a new epoch is the significant impact of human activity on the environment.
    • The estimated rate of extinction caused by humans is 100-1,000 times the normal rate.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of Darwin's theory of evolution and artificial selection with this quiz! Learn about the postulates of evolution and the role of adventitious traits in natural selection.

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