Evidential Limits in Forensic Science
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary endeavors of forensic scientists, as mentioned in the text?

  • Relying solely on eyewitness accounts
  • Collecting statistical data
  • Individualizing every piece of physical evidence
  • Creating and updating statistical databases (correct)
  • What is the value of class evidence in forensic science?

  • It provides corroboration of events with data free of human error (correct)
  • It definitively links evidence to a single person
  • It eliminates all human error and bias
  • It is easily individualized to a specific source
  • How many strations are typically necessary to individualize a mark to a single tool?

  • It varies and cannot be quantified (correct)
  • A high number, at least 50 strations
  • A moderate number, around 10 strations
  • None, every mark is individualized
  • In forensic analysis, how many handwriting characteristics are typically needed to tie a person to a signature?

    <p>It depends on the handwriting style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the extremely high certainty that multiple class evidence items originated from the same source?

    <p>The presence of different types of class evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mentioned as increasingly elusive in a mass-produced world in relation to forensic science?

    <p>Gathering statistical data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of forensic databases?

    <p>To store and compare physical evidence from different crime scenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in individualization of physical evidence?

    <p>Distinguishing evidential variations from natural variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of finding a match between physical evidence and a suspect's sample?

    <p>It increases the likelihood of the suspect's involvement in the crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the NIBIN (National Integrated Ballistics Information Network) database?

    <p>To store and compare markings on bullets and cartridge casings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of natural variations in physical evidence?

    <p>They make it harder to individualize evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the PDQ (Paint Data Query) database?

    <p>To store and compare chemical and color information of automotive paints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of examining physical evidence in a forensic investigation?

    <p>To determine the origin and identity of the evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of physical evidence with individual characteristics?

    <p>Fingerprints at the crime scene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge with assigning probability values to the comparison of class characteristics in physical evidence?

    <p>The inability to exclude all other possible sources of the evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do forensic scientists typically approach the identification of physical evidence?

    <p>By adopting testing procedures that give characteristic results for specific standard materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a comparative analysis of physical evidence in a forensic investigation?

    <p>To establish the probability that the suspect specimen and standard/reference specimen have a common origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of physical evidence is most likely to possess individual characteristics?

    <p>Handwriting samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do forensic scientists typically approach the comparison of physical evidence?

    <p>By determining the probability that the suspect specimen and standard/reference specimen have a common origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of physical evidence is most likely to be found in a forensic database?

    <p>Fingerprints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using probability in the analysis of physical evidence?

    <p>To ascertain the evidential value of a comparison between a suspect specimen and a standard/reference specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of physical evidence is most likely to possess class characteristics?

    <p>Fibers or paint chips</p> Signup and view all the answers

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