Evidence for Evolution Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Based on the provided information, in which layer would a paleontologist be most likely to find the oldest fossils?

  • Layer 2
  • Layer 3
  • The layer at the very bottom of the Earth's crust (correct)
  • Layer 4

    • Which of the following statements best describes the concept of natural selection?

  • The strongest organisms always survive and reproduce.
  • Organisms can change their traits at will to adapt to their environment.
  • Organisms with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. (correct)
  • Organisms evolve at a constant rate over time.

    • What is the key characteristic of gradualism in evolutionary theory?

  • Slow and steady changes in a species over a long period of time. (correct)
  • The emergence of new species through isolation and genetic drift.
  • Periods of stasis interrupted by rapid bursts of evolutionary change.
  • Rapid changes in the genetic makeup of a population leading to new species.

    • Based on the information provided, which scenario would best illustrate punctuated equilibrium?

    <p>A species of bacteria develops antibiotic resistance in a short period of time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence for evolution does the image comparing the fossils of Equus, Pliohippus, Merychippus, and Mesohippus provide?

    <p>The presence of a fossil record. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the image of the horseshoe crab best represent?

    <p>Stasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the images of the front limbs of a whale, frog, horse, lion, human, and bird provide evidence for evolution?

    <p>They demonstrate descent with modification from a common ancestor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is directly related to the study of rock strata?

    <p>Fossil record (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of studying the fossil record?

    <p>To understand the history of life on Earth and how it has changed over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the image showing a butterfly and an eagle?

    <p>Similar structures can evolve independently in different species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evidence for evolution are the images of embryonic development of a shark, lizard, chicken, pig, and human?

    <p>Comparative Embryology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of punctuated equilibrium?

    <p>Gradual, continuous change over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the image of the layers of rock containing fossilized skulls, bones, leaves, and a snail?

    <p>The fossil record shows the history of life and the evolutionary relationships. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea of the image showing the geographical location of different flightless birds?

    <p>The distribution of species across the Earth is influenced by evolution and past geological events. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of evidence for evolution?

    <p>Genetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an analogous structure?

    <p>The wing of a bird and the wing of a bat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a homologous structure?

    <p>The wing of a bird and the flipper of a whale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Evolution

    A process by which species change over time through descent with modification from a preexisting species.

    Biogeography

    The study of the past and present geographical distribution of species.

    Homologous Structure

    An organ or bone that appears in different animals, showing common anatomical features from a common ancestor.

    Analogous Structure

    Structures in different species that have similar functions but evolved separately and do not share a common ancestor.

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    Comparative Embryology

    The study of the similarities and differences in the stages of embryonic development among different species.

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    Fossils

    Preserved parts or traces of animals and plants that lived in the past.

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    Fossil Record

    The history of life on Earth as recorded by fossilized remains found in layers of rock.

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    Descent with Modification

    The principle that new species arise from existing species by accumulating changes over time.

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    Layer 2 fossils

    Contains a fern, a bone, a fish, and a trilobite, providing past life evidence.

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    Natural Selection

    Differential survival and reproductive success due to inherited traits.

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    Gradualism

    Theory that species evolve slowly over long periods of time.

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    Punctuated Equilibrium

    Evolution characterized by short bursts of rapid change and long periods of stasis.

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    Stasis

    A long period of time with little to no change in a species.

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    Rock Strata

    Layers of sedimentary rock with similar composition throughout.

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    Differential survival

    Variation in survival rates among organisms based on traits.

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    Sedimentary layers

    Layers of rock that record the history of past life and environments.

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    Study Notes

    Evidence for Evolution

    • Picture Vocabulary: Illustrates the horse evolution, showing descent with modification from pre-existing species.
    • Equus (Recent): Modern horse.
    • Pliohippus (Late Miocene): Horse from the late Miocene era.
    • Merychippus (Middle Miocene): Horse from the middle Miocene era.
    • Mesohippus (Late Eocene): Horse from the late Eocene era.

    Biogeography

    • Definition: The study of past and present geographical distributions of species.
    • Examples: Shows different types of birds (ostriches, emus, rheas) in their respective continents (Africa, South America, Australia) and the kiwi in New Zealand.

    Homologous Structure

    • Definition: An organ or bone found in different animals that reflects shared ancestry and descent from a common ancestor.
    • Examples: Shows anatomical similarities in limb structures of different animals (whale, frog, horse, lion, human, bird), implying common evolutionary origins.

    Analogous Structure

    • Definition: Structures in different species that have similar appearance, structure, or function but evolved independently, not sharing a common ancestor.
    • Examples: Show case examples of butterfly wings and eagle wings illustrating similar functions but distinct evolutionary paths.

    Comparative Embryology

    • Definition: The study of the similarities and differences in embryonic development among different species, revealing shared evolutionary origins.
    • Representation: Diagram depicting the early embryonic stages of various species (shark, lizard, chicken, pig, human).

    Fossils

    • Definition: Preserved parts or traces of plants and animals that lived in the ancient past.
    • Importance: Evidence of past life forms, helping scientists understand evolutionary history.

    Fossil Record

    • Definition: Fossil arrangement in layers of Earth's sedimentary crust, providing information about organisms that lived in the past.
    • Interpretation: Illustrates how fossils are found in rock layers, with layers representing different time periods.

    Natural Selection

    • Definition: Differential survival and reproduction among organisms based on inherited traits or characteristics.
    • Mechanism: Shows the impact on populations, where traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more frequent (using mice as an example).

    Gradualism

    • Definition: The theory proposes that species evolve slowly and gradually over extremely long periods.
    • Representation: Visual representation of slow, gradual changes over time for better understanding of the process.

    Punctuated Equilibrium

    • Definition: A model for evolution with bursts of change followed by periods of little change.
    • Changes: Shows changes in phenotype (observable traits) in an evolutionary context.

    Stasis

    • Definition: A long period with little or no change in a species.
    • Representation: An image of a fossil.

    Rock Strata

    • Definition: Layers or beds of sedimentary rock with similar composition throughout.
    • Observation: Illustrates distinct rock layers (strata) with various colors and textures, signifying unique compositions.

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    Related Documents

    Picture Vocabulary - Evidence of Evolution PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the evidence supporting the theory of evolution. This quiz covers topics including horse evolution, biogeography, and homologous structures across different species. Discover how these concepts illustrate the relationships and ancestry of various organisms.

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