Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Audit

A blood condition where red blood cells are larger than average.

Neutrophils with more than the normal number of lobes in their nuclei, often associated with vitamin deficiencies.

Anemia caused by a lack of iron, leading to insufficient red blood cell production.

Anemia characterized by large, immature red blood cells due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.

Anemia where red blood cells are of normal size.

Characteristic abnormal cells found in Classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

Cancer of the lymphatic system, with various types and presentations.

A specific type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, involving large B cells.

A condition causing a characteristic bend in the fingers, often associated with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis.

Blood tests showing the presence of antibodies (like IgG or IgM) associated with RA.

Joint inflammation affecting only one joint, instead of multiple joints.

Joint inflammation involving multiple joints; the opposite of mono-articular.

Joint inflammation caused by an infection.

A condition affecting the wrist, possibly associated with RA.

Joint inflammation moving from one joint to another over time.

A blood test that checks for antibodies involved in rheumatoid arthritis.

A process where a patient understands and agrees to a medical procedure after receiving all relevant information.

The inflation of the abdominal cavity with gas, typically CO2, during laparoscopic surgery.

A minimally invasive surgical procedure using a camera and instruments inserted through small incisions.

A drainage device inserted during surgery to collect fluid and prevent accumulation in the surgical site.

A structured assessment of a patient's psychological and cognitive state.

A mental health condition where physical symptoms are present, but without a medical explanation.

A chronic mental illness characterized by fixed, false beliefs that are not based in reality.

A false sensory perception experienced in the absence of an external stimulus.

A type of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. It commonly affects the big toe.

Treatment for gout aims to reduce uric acid levels in the body and alleviate pain and inflammation. Medications include colchicine, NSAIDs, and corticosteroids.

A chronic skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches, often on the elbows, knees, and scalp.

Treatment options for psoriasis include topical creams, phototherapy, and systemic medications like methotrexate or biologics.

A type of cancer that develops in the prostate gland, a small gland involved in male reproductive function.

The spread of cancer cells from the primary site (e.g., prostate) to the bones.

Managing pain from bone metastasis often involves strong pain medications like opioids, radiation therapy, and sometimes bisphosphonates.

The delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues through blood circulation.

The best site to diagnose rickets on an X-ray is the wrist joint.

The Measles vaccine is administered intramuscularly (IM).

Development is almost complete by the age of 7 years.

Rotavirus vaccine is not given by intramuscular injection.

According to WHO, Anemia in pregnancy is defined by hemoglobin levels below certain thresholds in different trimesters: First trimester: Hb<11.0 g/dl, Second trimester: Hb<10.5 g/dl, Third trimester: Hb<10.5 g/dl.

A 10-year-old child presenting with limping, fever, and localized tenderness above the knee most likely has septic arthritis.

A 15-year-old male with pain and swelling near the knee joint might have Osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer.

Acute urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection that affects the urinary system.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the only modality listed that doesn't utilize ionizing radiation. Others like digital radiography, mammography, CT scan, and PET scan all rely on ionizing radiation.

Iron deficiency anemia is the most likely diagnosis in this case. The pregnant woman's MUD eating habit and low Hb levels indicate iron deficiency.

A radio-destructive lesion implies destruction of bone tissue, visible on X-rays, often associated with cancerous or infectious processes.

Septic arthritis knee is an infection of the knee joint, while osteosarcoma is a bone cancer. Both can show radio-destructive lesions but have different causes.

Congenital talipes equinovarus, also called clubfoot, is a common birth defect where the foot is turned inwards and pointed downward.

Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine, visible on X-ray, often presenting as a lateral curve in the thoracic region.

This combination of symptoms strongly suggests a possible hip dysplasia, a condition where the hip joint isn't properly formed.

Pes planus, or flat feet, is a condition where the arch of the foot is flattened. Congenital talipes equinovarus is a birth defect where the foot is turned inwards and pointed downward.