Untitled Quiz

Defamatory statement made in a visible or permanent form, like writing, printing, broadcasting, or other media.

Defamation through spoken words or gestures.

A statement that harms someone's reputation.

The plaintiff needs to prove:

1. The words were defamatory
2. The words referred to the plaintiff
3. The defendant published the statement.

Requires proof of special damage(Negative consequences) unless the statement falls into certain specific categories.

1. Written/permanent form; 2. Publication must be false; 3. Publication to someone other than plaintiff/defendant; 4. Defamatory publication about plaintiff; 5. Publication by the defendant.

Defamation against a dead person is permitted, but consent from the Attorney General might be necessary.

A report of proceedings from a public enquiry or court outside Nigeria, or extracts from public documents is considered a valid defence against defamation.

If someone willingly allows press coverage or an interview, the press can use this as a defense against defamation claims, as long as it stays within the agreed-upon limits.

A defamation claim can't be pursued if the person who was defamed is deceased, unless the defamation impacts family members or other parties are involved.

A legal defense, preventing a plaintiff from refiling the same defamation case again, as there has already been a ruling.

Mutual agreement between parties resolving the defamation dispute to the satisfaction of both.

Deals with libel/slander cases where statements are a mix of fact and opinion. A 'fair comment' defense is possible even if not all facts are proven true, as long as the opinion itself is fair.

A legal defense in defamation cases where an opinion is expressed alongside facts. The defense succeeds if the opinion is fair, even if some facts are not fully proven.

A legal defense in defamation cases, providing immunity from liability for specific statements. There are two types of privilege.

Complete immunity from a defamation lawsuit, regardless of truth or malicious intent. Applies to specific individuals/situations.

Statements made by President, Governors, High Court Officials, and Legislators in their official duties, or communications between spouses.

Partial immunity from a defamation lawsuit. It requires a duty to speak and a duty to hear, and it can be lost if the speaker acted with malice.

Reporters in states with specific laws have qualified privilege for fair and accurate reports of legislative proceedings, international organization conferences, and international court proceedings.

Intentional wrongdoing or a knowing publication of false statements. A key factor in determining liability under qualified privilege.