Evaporation in Pharmaceutical Technology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the process of evaporation?

  • The mixing of a solvent with a solution by dissolution
  • The separation of a solvent from a solution by filtration
  • The removal of a solvent from a solution by vaporization (correct)
  • The addition of a solvent to a solution by condensation

What is the formula for heat transfer to boiling liquids in an evaporator?

  • $q = U - A. \Delta T$
  • $q = \frac{U}{A}. \Delta T$
  • $q = U. A. \Delta T$ (correct)
  • $q = U + A. \Delta T$

What is the boiling point rise (B.P.R.)?

  • The difference between the boiling point of an aqueous solution and that of water at the same pressure (correct)
  • The increase in pressure during the boiling process
  • The decrease in temperature during the boiling process
  • The difference between the melting point of an aqueous solution and that of water at the same pressure

What does the formula $\Delta T$ represent in heat transfer to boiling liquids in an evaporator?

<p>Temperature differences between the steam and the solution to be evaporated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is evaporation classified in terms of circulation?

<p>Natural and forced circulation evaporators as well as film evaporators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall heat transfer coefficient, U, in the formula for heat transfer to boiling liquids in an evaporator?

<p>The combined coefficient for all resistances to heat transfer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Boiling Point Rise' (B.P.R.) refer to?

<p>The increase in boiling point of a solution compared to the boiling point of the pure solvent at the same pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Duhring rule in relation to aqueous solutions?

<p>It states that the boiling point of an aqueous solution is a linear function of the boiling point of water at the same pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Hydrostatic head' refer to in relation to the pressure in a liquid?

<p>The pressure exerted by the liquid column on a given point in a liquid. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of evaporator uses natural circulation?

<p>Evaporating still (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the boiling points of two different solutions at the same pressure called?

<p>Boiling Point Rise (B.P.R.) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At fixed pressure, under what conditions is the boiling point of a solution higher than that of water?

<p>When the solution has a higher concentration of solute than water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure as a liquid rises through tubes?

<p>The pressure decreases as the liquid rises through tubes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If steam with a temperature of 389 oK is used to heat both water and a 10% NaCl solution, what will be the difference in temperature ($ riangle T$) for water?

<p>$ riangle T = 16$ oK (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Duhrings plot' is used to determine which relationship?

<p>The relationship between boiling points of water and solutions at fixed pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Pharmaceutical technology (PT-418)' discuss?

<p>Equipment for pharmaceutical processing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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