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Questions and Answers
What is the minimum thickness of a solid layer made of an electrically conductive material that can be used for grounding TS enclosures?
What is the minimum thickness of a solid layer made of an electrically conductive material that can be used for grounding TS enclosures?
What is the minimum isolation resistance required for electrically insulating materials used in TS enclosures?
What is the minimum isolation resistance required for electrically insulating materials used in TS enclosures?
What is the maximum resistance allowed for electrically conductive parts, such as fasteners or connectors, to LVS ground?
What is the maximum resistance allowed for electrically conductive parts, such as fasteners or connectors, to LVS ground?
What is the purpose of overcurrent protection devices in electrical systems?
What is the purpose of overcurrent protection devices in electrical systems?
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What is the minimum temperature range that overcurrent protection devices must be designed for?
What is the minimum temperature range that overcurrent protection devices must be designed for?
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What is the minimum resistance required between two circuits to be considered galvanically isolated?
What is the minimum resistance required between two circuits to be considered galvanically isolated?
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What is the maximum power output allowed at the outlet of the Tractive System Accumulator (TSAC)?
What is the maximum power output allowed at the outlet of the Tractive System Accumulator (TSAC)?
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What type of motor is allowed in electric vehicles?
What type of motor is allowed in electric vehicles?
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What is the purpose of the motor controller in electric vehicles?
What is the purpose of the motor controller in electric vehicles?
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What is not allowed in electric vehicles?
What is not allowed in electric vehicles?
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Study Notes
General Requirements for Grounding TS Enclosures
- Grounding for TS enclosures requires at least a 0.5 mm thick electrically conductive material such as aluminum with resistance below 300 mΩ, tested at 1A current to LVS ground.
- Alternatively, enclosures can be made from electrically insulating materials achieving an isolation resistance of at least 2 MΩ at 500V.
- Must be structurally rigid to prevent mechanical penetrations and secure piercing of conductive parts like fasteners or connectors.
- A grounded layer of at least 0.9 mm thick steel is permissible for TSAC applications.
Electrical Conductivity Standards
- Electrically conductive components (seat, driver harness, firewall points) must have a resistance below 300 mΩ with respect to LVS ground, able to carry 10% of the TS accumulator main fuse current.
- Components within 100 mm of any TS part that could be electrically conductive must maintain resistance below 100Ω to LVS ground.
- Rotation components on vehicles are exempt from grounding regulations.
Overcurrent Protection Regulations
- Each electrical system must include suitable overcurrent protection, rated not to exceed the continuous current of the protected component (e.g., wires, busbars).
- Multi-pin connector arrangements must have individual protection for each pin to manage parallel currents.
- All protection devices must handle at least the theoretical short circuit current expected in the system.
- Overcurrent protection must align with the highest voltage ratings present and all components must support DC.
- Protection devices must not depend on programmable logic, except for motor controller/inverter outputs.
- The design must accommodate temperature ranges of at least 0°C to 85°C.
- High-current paths through accumulators must be appropriately fused.
Definitions
- Tractive System (TS): All elements connected to the motor(s) and TS accumulators, inclusive of enclosures containing TS parts.
- Galvanic Isolation: Requires a minimum resistance of 500 Ω/V related to maximum TS voltage; RMS isolation voltage must exceed three times the maximum TS voltage or be at least 750V.
Electric Powertrain Requirements
- Only electric motors are authorized, and all attachments must comply with specified regulations.
- Motors should be connected to accumulators via a motor controller.
- Power output from the TSAC must not exceed 80 kW, while regenerating energy is permitted without restrictions.
- Spinning wheels in reverse is not allowed.
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Description
Test your knowledge of electric vehicles, including tractive systems, galvanic isolation, and TS enclosures. Learn about the key concepts and definitions in the EV industry. Get ready to accelerate your understanding of electric vehicles!
