Euthyphro Dilemma Flashcards

Study Notes

Euthyphro Dilemma Overview

The Euthyphro Dilemma questions whether moral goodness is dictated by God or exists independently of divine command.
Two main propositions arise from the dilemma:
- Is moral goodness commanded by God because it is inherently good?
- Or is moral goodness considered good simply because it is commanded by God?

Implications of Proposition 1

If moral goodness exists independently of God, then moral acts do not rely on God's will, suggesting a higher moral standard.
This perspective implies a limitation on God’s omnipotence, challenging the idea of God as the sole source of morality.

Implications of Proposition 2

If morality is defined solely by God's commands, then praise towards God for His morality becomes questionable.
God cannot fail to meet a standard He sets, rendering it inappropriate to laud Him for meeting it.
With no pre-existing moral standards, God’s commands could become arbitrary, resulting in potential moral endorsement of actions like killing, challenging God's omnipotence or His worthiness of worship.

Soren Kierkegaard's Response

Kierkegaard contends that whatever God commands should be regarded as good (aligning with Proposition 1).
He acknowledges that God may issue commands that appear immoral (e.g., testing faith).
Kierkegaard emphasizes the importance of faith in God’s moral intentions, trusting in a divine perspective that surpasses human understanding.

Plato's Response

Plato supports the second proposition, asserting that goodness transcends both humans and gods.
He believes in an independent existence of morality, implying that God or deities merely convey this truth rather than create it.
This view suggests a limitation on God’s omnipotence while still recognizing a form of higher authority.

Aquinas' Response

Aquinas introduces a third option, asserting that morality is intrinsic to God's nature.
God does not command good arbitrarily; instead, His commands align with His inherent moral essence.
As an all-knowing being, God recognizes the right course of action, ensuring that His commands are always aligned with moral truth, as it is an expression of His nature.

Description

This quiz focuses on the Euthyphro Dilemma, a key philosophical question about morality and divinity. Explore whether moral goodness is determined by God's commands or if God's commands are based on inherent moral goodness. Use these flashcards to test your understanding of this fundamental ethical dilemma.