European Union Regulation
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the Union's total greenhouse gas emissions do transport emissions represent?

  • 10%
  • 25% (correct)
  • 75%
  • 50%

    • What objectives are set in Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2030?

    reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% compared to 1990 levels

    The European Green Deal calls for a 90% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from transport by 2030.

    True

    What are the main policy instruments discussed in the given content?

    <p>Rail Freight Corridors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the time limits mentioned for the dwelling time of freight trains crossing borders within the European Transport Corridors?

    <p>25 minutes on average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ireland participated in the establishment of rail freight corridors under Regulation (EU) No 913/2010.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    European Transport Corridors should be based on parts of the trans-European transport network, cross borders, be multimodal, and open to the inclusion of all transport modes covered in this Regulation, and may also include neighbouring ___________.

    <p>countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To achieve climate neutrality in the Union by 2050, projects should be aligned with the goal of ____.

    <p>achieving climate neutrality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major impacts did Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine have on global markets?

    <p>Impact on global food security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cooperation between the Union and Russia and Belarus in the field of the trans-European transport network policy is still appropriate.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The European standard nominal track gauge for railway networks is ____ mm.

    <p>1 435</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>High-speed trains = Have the potential for the decarbonisation of transport Night trains = Represent a sustainable way of long-distance travelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Regulation (EU) 2020/852, what should projects of common interest be assessed for?

    <p>Compliance with Paris Agreement objectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infrastructure projects under Regulation (EU) 2020/852 should be resilient to the potential adverse impacts of climate change.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'climate proofing' in Regulation (EU) 2020/852?

    <p>Climate proofing means ensuring that projects integrate the costs of greenhouse gas emissions and the positive effects of climate mitigation measures in the cost-benefit analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Member States and other project promoters should carry out environmental assessments of plans and projects to avoid or mitigate negative impacts on the ________.

    <p>environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following deadlines with their respective network development targets:

    <p>2030 = Completion of a core network 2040 = Completion of an extended core network 2050 = Completion of a comprehensive network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By what year should Member States ensure that the entire trans-European transport network is equipped with radio-based ERTMS?

    <p>2050</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deadline for the decommissioning of class B systems on the comprehensive network?

    <p>2050</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inland waterways in Europe are not affected by climate and weather conditions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maritime ports play an important geostrategic role as cross-border multimodal nodes, serving not only as transport hubs but also as gateways for trade, industrial clusters, military mobility, and energy hubs.

    <p>maritime ports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the objectives regarding urban transport system performance?

    <p>Enhancing coordination among regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Promoting active modes in urban nodes contributes to reducing congestion.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Mission on Climate-neutral and Smart Cities aim to achieve by 2030?

    <p>Have 100 climate neutral cities in the Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multimodal digital mobility services enhance the integration of different transport modes by combining several transport offers into 1.

    <p>one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Technical Support Instrument established by Regulation (EU) 2021/240?

    <p>To provide tailor-made technical expertise to design and implement reforms promoting the development of the trans-European transport network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Regulation aim to achieve by granting implementing powers to the Commission?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Core Network Corridors are replaced by the European Transport Corridors according to the Regulation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is transport infrastructure considered the backbone of the economy and society?

    <p>To ensure the good functioning of vital societal functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Member States are primarily responsible for maintenance of the trans-European transport network.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument should be used to coordinate different projects on a transnational basis for the trans-European transport network?

    <p>corridor approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, the European Transport Corridors should address bottlenecks, enhance cross-border connections, and improve efficiency and sustainability to contribute to ______________.

    <p>cohesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an 'isolated network'?

    <p>a rail network of a Member State, or part thereof, with a track gauge different from that of the European standard nominal track gauge of 1 435 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'multimodal transport'?

    <p>Carrying passengers or freight, or both, using two or more modes of transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'interoperability'.

    <p>the ability of the infrastructure in a transport mode or segment to allow safe and uninterrupted traffic and information flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'multimodal passenger hub'?

    <p>a connection point between at least two transport modes for passengers where travel information, access to public transport, and transfers between modes are ensured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'SUMP' stand for?

    <p>sustainable urban mobility plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    European Union's Transport Policy

    • The EU aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, compared to 1990 levels.
    • Transport emissions account for 25% of the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions and need to be reduced by 90% to achieve climate neutrality.

    Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy

    • The EU's Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy aims to increase rail freight traffic by 50% by 2030 and double it by 2050.
    • The strategy also aims to increase transport by inland waterways and short-sea shipping by 25% by 2030 and 50% by 2050.
    • The EU aims to have at least 30 million zero-emission cars and 80,000 zero-emission trucks on the roads by 2030.
    • By 2050, nearly all cars, vans, and buses, and new heavy-duty vehicles should be zero-emission.

    Trans-European Transport Network

    • The trans-European transport network aims to create a multimodal and interoperable network that enables sustainable forms of transport.
    • The network should promote the development of a high-quality network throughout the EU, ensuring accessibility and connectivity for all regions.
    • The network should be developed in three steps: a core network by 2030, an extended core network by 2040, and a comprehensive network by 2050.

    Infrastructure Development

    • Projects of common interest should contribute to the development of the trans-European transport network through the creation of new infrastructure, maintenance, and upgrading of existing infrastructure.
    • Projects should demonstrate a European added value and be economically viable.
    • Due consideration should be given to the particular circumstances of individual projects, including security, safety, and accessibility for all users.

    Environmental and Climate Considerations

    • The development of the trans-European transport network should take into account the security and safety of passengers and freight movements, as well as the impact of climate change.
    • Projects should be assessed to ensure they do not harm the environment and contribute to climate change mitigation.
    • Climate proofing should be undertaken based on the latest available best practice and guidance.

    Regional and Local Authorities

    • The interests of regional and local authorities, as well as the public concerned, should be taken into account in the planning and construction phase of projects.

    Deadlines

    • The completion of the core network is targeted for 2030, the extended core network for 2040, and the comprehensive network for 2050.### Trans-European Transport Network

    • The network should be economically viable and feasible, with connections by rail, road, or both to ensure interconnection of all Member States and integration of main islands into the core network.

    • The core network (by 2030) and extended core network (by 2040) will form the foundation of the sustainable multimodal transport network, focusing on strategically important nodes and links.

    Infrastructure Requirements

    • Exemptions from infrastructure requirements are possible in justified cases, considering factors such as investment justification, geographic constraints, and environmental impacts.
    • The Commission should consider the impact of exemptions on network interoperability and continuity when assessing Member States' requests.

    Rail Network

    • A rail network with a track gauge different from the European standard (1 435 mm) is not subject to certain standards and requirements, due to economic and socio-economic considerations.
    • Member States should make efforts to allocate a minimum number of train paths to freight trains with a length of at least 740 meters, considering the specific characteristics of isolated networks.

    Maritime Dimension

    • The land-side infrastructure network should integrate with the maritime dimension of the trans-European transport network, creating a sustainable, smart, and resilient European Maritime Space.
    • The promotion of projects of common interest should focus on improving access to outermost and remote regions.

    Rail Freight Corridors

    • The Rail Freight Corridors and Core Network Corridors are complementary policy instruments, aiming to boost sustainable, efficient, and safe transport services.
    • Integrating these corridors into European Transport Corridors can increase synergies between infrastructure planning and transport operation.

    European Transport Corridors

    • The corridors should cover important long-distance transport flows, consisting of key European transport multimodal axes, and be open to all transport modes.
    • The corridors should be multimodal, cross-border, and may include neighbouring countries.

    Projects of Common Interest

    • Projects should contribute to the achievement of the trans-European transport network, with a focus on European added value, sustainability, cohesion, efficiency, and user benefits.
    • The implementation of projects should depend on their maturity, compliance with legal procedures, and financial resources.

    Socio-Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis

    • Member States should follow a recognized and harmonized approach to enable transparent and comparative evaluation of projects.
    • The analysis should consider climate-related and environmental costs and benefits, based on environmental impact assessments.

    Cooperation with Third Countries

    • Cooperation with third countries, including neighbouring countries, is necessary for connection and interoperability between infrastructure networks.
    • The Union should promote projects of common interest with these countries, ensuring compliance with trans-European transport network objectives and interoperability requirements.

    Resilience of the European Transport Network

    • The resilience of the network has been challenged by the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, highlighting the need for better connections with neighboring countries.
    • The new geopolitical context requires improved cross-border connections to support Ukraine's economy and recovery.

    Action Plan for EU-Ukraine Solidarity Lanes

    • The plan aims to facilitate Ukraine's agricultural export and bilateral trade with the EU, identifying major transport infrastructure challenges.
    • The Commission proposes to assess the extension of the European Transport Corridors into Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova.

    Cooperation with Russia and Belarus

    • Due to the war of aggression against Ukraine, cooperation between the Union and Russia and Belarus in the field of trans-European transport network policy is not appropriate or in the interest of the Union.
    • Connections to Russia and Belarus are no longer a high priority, and the last-miles of cross-border connections should be downgraded to the comprehensive network.

    Railway Track Gauge

    • A railway track gauge different from the European standard (1 435 mm) hampers interoperability and competitiveness of isolated railway networks.
    • New railway lines of the core network or extended core network should be built in the European standard nominal track gauge of 1 435 mm.### Track Gauge Standardization
    • Member States with non-standard track gauge (not 1,435 mm) should assess migrating to the European standard for lines on the European Transport Corridors.
    • Exemptions apply to island and outermost regions due to their geographical situation.

    Multimodal Transport System

    • The Union should aim for a high-quality transport network allowing for rail services at minimum speeds.
    • Development of a coherent and interoperable European high-speed rail network linking capitals and major cities.
    • Competitive passenger rail at high speed has high potential for decarbonization.

    Railway Infrastructure

    • Upgrading infrastructure should consider design for higher speed.
    • Night trains represent a sustainable way of long-distance travel.

    Rail Freight Network

    • A more sustainable, resilient, and reliable rail freight network should be established across Europe.
    • Infrastructure for combined railway transport and terminals should be upgraded to prioritize rail, inland waterways, or short-sea shipping.

    European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS)

    • ERTMS deployment should be accelerated to achieve a more ambitious approach for the comprehensive network.
    • Deployment targets:
      • 2050 for the comprehensive network
      • 2040 for the extended core network
      • 2030 for the core network

    Inland Waterways

    • Reference water levels should be established for each European Transport Corridor, taking into account climate change and hydro-morphology.
    • Avoiding potential barriers to connectivity of free-flowing rivers.

    Maritime Ports

    • Maritime ports play a geostrategic role as cross-border multimodal nodes.
    • They can contribute to the decarbonization of transport and energy sectors.

    Short-Sea Shipping

    • Short-sea shipping can make a substantial contribution to decarbonization by carrying more freight and passengers.
    • Integrating short-sea shipping links with landside networks and promoting sustainable maritime links.

    Road Transport

    • Road transport accounts for three-quarters of inland freight transport and 90% of inland passenger transport.
    • Ensuring road safety and monitoring and improving road infrastructure.

    Air Transport

    • Connecting airports to the trans-European railway network, including high-speed railway network where possible.
    • Fostering innovation in air transport, including spaceports, without harmonizing laws and regulations.

    Multimodal Transport

    • Efficient border crossings for freight transport should be ensured.
    • Multimodal terminals should play a key role in allowing better and more sustainable modal choices.

    Urban Nodes

    • Urban nodes are critical points on the trans-European transport network.
    • Ensuring seamless traffic flows from, to, and across urban nodes.
    • Adopting sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMPs) to address local connectivity within urban nodes.

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    This quiz covers the details of a European Union regulation, including the European Parliament and Council, and its legislative acts and instruments.

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