European Resuscitation Council Guidelines

The European Resuscitation Council's (ERC) primary objective is to:

In what year were the first European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines for basic and advanced life support presented?

What does ILCOR, which informs the ERC guidelines, stand for?

Which of the following best describes the evolution of ILCOR's evidence evaluation process?

Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in the 2021 European Resuscitation Council Guidelines?

What is the minimum percentage of writing group members for the ERC guidelines required to be free of commercial conflicts of interest?

What is the primary method for arriving at recommendations in the ERC guidelines when no relevant ILCOR treatment recommendation exists?

What is the quorum required for conducting writing group business and reaching consensus within the ERC guideline development process?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three styles of evidence evaluation undertaken by ILCOR since 2015?

What is the main purpose of 'scoping reviews' in the context of ERC guideline development?

What is the purpose of 'evidence updates' within the ILCOR evidence evaluation process?

According to GRADE certainty levels, 'moderate certainty' implies:

A 'strong recommendation' in ILCOR COSTRs indicates that:

What is the typical term used in ILCOR recommendations to indicate a 'weak recommendation'?

What was the primary method used for stakeholder consultation on the ERC guidelines?

How often does the ERC aim to produce routine updates to its guidelines and course materials?

What is the official journal of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) where guidelines and updates are typically published?

During the initial COVID-19 wave, what was a commonly reported change in the cause of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests?

Which of the following was NOT consistently observed regarding bystander CPR rates during the COVID-19 pandemic?

What is the primary focus of the ERC COVID-19 guidelines?

According to the epidemiology section of the 2021 ERC guidelines, approximately what percentage of European countries have out-of-hospital cardiac arrest registries?

What is the average survival rate to hospital discharge for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Europe?

In European countries where withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WLST) is routinely practiced, what is the typical neurological outcome for survivors of in-hospital cardiac arrest?

What is a key recommendation regarding population-based registries for cardiac arrest from the ERC guidelines?

The 'chain of survival' concept emphasizes:

Which technology is highly encouraged by the ERC guidelines to improve bystander CPR rates and response times?

What is the recommended approach for dispatch-assisted CPR instructions regarding chest compression-only CPR compared to standard CPR?

What is the recommended compression depth for high-quality chest compressions in adult basic life support?

If a rescuer is unable to perform rescue breaths during adult basic life support, what is the recommended alternative?

What is the recommended initial action when an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) arrives at the scene of a cardiac arrest?

What is the recommended course of action if an AED indicates 'no shock advised'?

In the BLS algorithm, what is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR?

What is the first action to take when encountering a person suspected of having a foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) who is conscious?

According to the ALS guidelines, when is adrenaline recommended for use in cardiac arrest with a non-shockable rhythm?

What is the expert consensus for the minimum success rate for tracheal intubation within two attempts for rescuers who choose to use this advanced airway technique?

When is amiodarone recommended in the ALS algorithm for shockable cardiac arrest rhythms?

In cases of refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF), what alternative defibrillation pad position might be considered?

What is the recommended ventilation rate once an advanced airway (tracheal tube or supraglottic airway) is placed during ALS?

In which type of cardiac arrest is thrombolytic drug therapy specifically mentioned as a consideration in the ERC guidelines?

What is the recommended duration of CPR to consider after administering thrombolytic drugs in cardiac arrest?

In peri-arrest tachycardias, when is electrical cardioversion the preferred treatment?

For atrial flutter and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in unstable patients, what is the recommended initial shock energy?

In bradycardia accompanied by adverse signs, what is the initial dose of atropine recommended?

Which drug might be considered for bradycardia caused by inferior myocardial infarction, cardiac transplant, or spinal cord injury?

In managing hypothermia-induced cardiac arrest, at what core temperature is it recommended to delay further defibrillation attempts if ventricular fibrillation (VF) persists after three shocks?

In avalanche rescue, what is considered the most likely cause of cardiac arrest and thus the priority intervention?

For heat stroke, at what rate of cooling is considered safe and desirable in exertional heat stroke?

In cardiac arrest due to pulmonary embolism, low ETCO2 readings during CPR may:

In the context of cardiac arrest in the operating room (OR), what type of chest compression is mentioned as an effective alternative to closed chest compression?

According to the ERC guidelines, what overarching principle should guide the decision to translate new ILCOR CoSTRs into guideline and educational updates?

What is the recommended chest compression rate for adult CPR, according to the BLS guidelines?

In the context of post-resuscitation care, which tool should be integrated with emergency care treatment plans to increase clarity of treatment goals?

According to the ERC guidelines, after failed defibrillation attempts and in the context of refractory VF, what alternative defibrillation pad position may be considered?

What is the suggested first action a healthcare provider should take for a patient presenting with syncope, palpitations and dizziness?

In post-cardiac arrest care, what is the recommendation for temperature management according to the ERC?

In avalanche rescue, what intervention is the first priority?

During the administration of chest compressions, 'hands-on' defibrillation poses what risk?

What action should be performed after delivering an initial shock using an AED?

According to the ERC guidelines, what is a critical component of the initial assessment of a person with a suspected foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO)?

In which specific situation should IV fluids be administered during cardiac arrest?

According to the guidelines, after providing initial care for burns, what is the next step?

Following the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) guidelines, which of these actions is emphasized to improve bystander CPR rates and response times?

In managing peri-arrest arrythmias, which condition requires anaesthesia or sedation before synchronised cardioversion?

You are called to attend to a person who has fallen in the snow. They are unresponsive with a thermometer reading of 29 degrees Celcius. They have had three unsuccessful defibrillation attempts. What is the next best step?

What is the immediate next best step if faced with a patient who may have a neck injury?

If an adult patient does not respond to initial treatment with atropine, what should be considered next for bradycardia?

During manual defibrillation, how should the pads be placed on a patient with an implanted device?

According to the ERC guidelines, what is the suggested weight to volume ratio for crystalloid solution administration for those in shock?

Following current ERC guidance, which type of layperson is encouraged to perform CPR and should be free from concerns of harming victims not in cardiac arrest?

In regards to tidal volume and lung ventilation once a tracheal tube is in place, what is the current guideline?

A person is suspected of having a stroke but conscious nonetheless. What is the first action to take?

In what situation is the action of chest compressions contraindicated?

A patient who has overdosed on an unknown drug has now gone into cardiac arrest. What treatment is essential to provide?