12 Questions
Who proposed cash grants to all European nations subject to two conditions in 1947?
George C. Marshall
The ECHR (European Convention on Human Rights) was opened for signature in Rome on 4 November 1950.
True
The European Court of Human Rights headquarters is located in __________.
Strasbourg
What is the main difference between interdependent and integrated organisations?
Interdependent organisations do not interfere with member states' policy-making, while integrated organisations impose policies on member states.
Supranational organisations were established by nation states as a step towards the submission and eclipse of the nation state within a federal Europe.
False
Who pleaded for 'building a kind of United States of Europe' in a famous speech in 1946?
Winston Churchill
What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan proposed by US Secretary of State George C. Marshall?
To distribute American aid to European nations for economic recovery.
The Council of Europe is part of the European Union's institutional setup.
False
The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR or the Convention) came into force on __________ 1953.
3 September
What is the purpose of supranational organisations according to the provided content?
They do not interfere with national policy-making, decisions do not overrule national policies, and have the power to impose sanctions on member governments if necessary.
According to the content, where does the power lie in the European Union?
With the member states
Supranational organisations were set up by the nation states for their own specific purposes, not as a step towards the submission and eclipse of the nation state within a federal Europe. Where does power lie? Power remains with the ____ states.
nation
Study Notes
Historical Background of European Integration
- 1946: Winston Churchill's famous speech in Zurich, where he pleaded for a "kind of United States of Europe" with the reconciliation of Germany and France as its core.
- 1947: The Marshall Plan was proposed by US Secretary of State George C. Marshall to help European economies recover from WWII, with conditions of European cooperation and progressive abolition of trade barriers.
- 1948: The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) was established to plan and distribute American aid, marking the beginning of intergovernmental integration in Europe.
The Council of Europe and the European Convention on Human Rights
- 1949: The Council of Europe was established to promote democracy, human rights, and the rule of law among its member states.
- 1949: The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) was adopted, aiming to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms.
- 1950: The ECHR was opened for signature in Rome and came into force on September 3, 1953.
- The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) was established to verify compliance with the ECHR provisions.
European Integration Timeline
- 1949: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created as a permanent peacetime military alliance.
- 1951: The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was established.
- 1957: The Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community (EEC).
- 1992: The Maastricht Treaty created the European Union (EU) and its three pillars.
- 1997: The Amsterdam Treaty introduced the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU.
- 2001: The Nice Treaty made the Charter of Fundamental Rights binding.
- 2007/2009: The Lisbon Treaty reformed the EU's institutional framework.
Key Institutions and Concepts
- The Council of Europe is an international organization separate from the EU, promoting democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.
- The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is a treaty that protects human rights and fundamental freedoms.
- Supranational organizations, like the EU, involve the transfer of decision-making power from member states to a central authority.
- The EU is not a federation, as power remains with member states, and decisions are taken collectively.
Historical Background of European Integration
- 1946: Winston Churchill's famous speech in Zurich, where he pleaded for a "kind of United States of Europe" with the reconciliation of Germany and France as its core.
- 1947: The Marshall Plan was proposed by US Secretary of State George C. Marshall to help European economies recover from WWII, with conditions of European cooperation and progressive abolition of trade barriers.
- 1948: The Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) was established to plan and distribute American aid, marking the beginning of intergovernmental integration in Europe.
The Council of Europe and the European Convention on Human Rights
- 1949: The Council of Europe was established to promote democracy, human rights, and the rule of law among its member states.
- 1949: The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) was adopted, aiming to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms.
- 1950: The ECHR was opened for signature in Rome and came into force on September 3, 1953.
- The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) was established to verify compliance with the ECHR provisions.
European Integration Timeline
- 1949: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was created as a permanent peacetime military alliance.
- 1951: The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was established.
- 1957: The Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community (EEC).
- 1992: The Maastricht Treaty created the European Union (EU) and its three pillars.
- 1997: The Amsterdam Treaty introduced the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU.
- 2001: The Nice Treaty made the Charter of Fundamental Rights binding.
- 2007/2009: The Lisbon Treaty reformed the EU's institutional framework.
Key Institutions and Concepts
- The Council of Europe is an international organization separate from the EU, promoting democracy, human rights, and the rule of law.
- The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is a treaty that protects human rights and fundamental freedoms.
- Supranational organizations, like the EU, involve the transfer of decision-making power from member states to a central authority.
- The EU is not a federation, as power remains with member states, and decisions are taken collectively.
Test your knowledge of the European Union's history, from its formation to its current state. Explore the Council of Europe, types of international organizations, and the EU's chronology.
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