European Heads of State and Government

European Heads of State and Government

• In France, Emmanuel Macron is the Head of State and François Bayrou is the Prime Minister; the capital is Paris.
• Luxembourg's Head of State is Grand-Duke Henri, with Luxembourg City as its capital.
• Ireland's Prime Minister is Micheal Martin, leading a coalition of Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael (Centrist); the capital is Dublin.
• Poland's Prime Minister is Donald Tusk, in a coalition with KO-TD-Lewica (Centrist); the capital is Warsaw.
• Cyprus has Níkos Christodoulídis as President, leading a Centre-Right and Left coalition, chosen through a two-round system; the capital is Nicosia.
• Hungary's President is Tamás Sulyok, with a coalition of Fidesz (Right) and Christian Conservative KDNP; the capital is Budapest.
• Malta's Prime Minister is Robert Abela, with Myriam Spiteri Debono as President, representing the Labour Party; the capital is Valletta.
• Croatia's President is Zoran Milanovic, and the Prime Minister is Andrej Plenković, with HDZ (Conservative Right); the capital is Zagreb.
• Italy's President of the Council of Ministers is Giorgia Meloni, leading a coalition that includes Fratelli d'Italia, Lega Nord (Far Right), Noi Moderati (Centre), and Forza Italia (Centre-Right); the capital is Rome.
• Spain's King is Felipe VI, and the Prime Minister is Pedro Sánchez (Labour Party); the capital is Madrid.
• Portugal's President of the Republic is Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, with no party affiliation (former Social Democrat); the capital is Lisbon.
• Germany's Chancellor is Olaf Scholz (Centre); the capital is Berlin.
• The Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic with Petr Fiala as Prime Minister (Right, Anti-establishment); the capital is Prague.
• Romania is a semi-presidential republic with Marcel Ciolacu (Social Democrat) as Prime Minister; the capital is Bucharest.
• Bulgaria is a unicameral parliamentary republic with elections every three and a half years (between April 2021 and October 2024); Sofia is the capital.
• The Netherlands has Dimitar Glavtchev as interim Head of State, and Dick Schoof as Prime Minister, in a coalition composed of NSC, VVD, and BBB; the capital is Amsterdam, and there is political instability.
• Finland is a mixed parliamentary/semi-presidential system, with Petteri Orpo as Prime Minister, leading a Right/Far-Right coalition; the capital is Helsinki.
• Estonia is a unicameral parliamentary republic with Kristen Michal (Social Democrat; Reform Party) as Prime Minister as of 200; the capital is Tallinn.
• Latvia is a parliamentary republic with Evika Siliņa as Prime Minister, representing a Centre-Right coalition; the capital is Riga.
• Lithuania is a semi-presidential republic with President Gitanas Nausėda and Prime Minister Gintautas Paluckas (Social Democrats), in a coalition of Social Democrats, the Democratic Union, and the Populist Party; the capital is Vilnius.
• Slovakia is a parliamentary republic with President Peter Pellegrini and Prime Minister Robert Fico (SMER-SD), a populist and nationalist party on the Left, with Pro-Russian tendencies; the capital is Bratislava.
• Slovenia is a parliamentary republic with President Nataša Pirc Musar and Prime Minister Robert Golob (Left); the capital is Ljubljana.
• Greece is a parliamentary republic with President Ekateríni Sakellaropoúlou (Ecologist and Feminist) and Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis (Radical Left), leading a Syriza (Radical Left) coalition; the capital is Athens.
• Belgium is a parliamentary federal state with Prime Minister Bart de Wever (NV-A, Right), and King Philippe II; the capital is Brussels.
• Sweden is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, having a unicameral parliament (Riksdag) and King Carl XVI Gustaf; the capital is Stockholm.
• Denmark as a constitutional monarchy with ulf Kristersson as prime minister and coalition of Conserative-Liberals; the capital is Copenhagen.
• Austria is a federal parliamentary republic with nine federal provinces, alexender Schallenberg is Chancellor

Global Heads of State and Government

• Algeria is a semi-presidential multi-party republic with Abdelmadjid Tebboune (FLN) as President, and Nadir Larbaoui as Prime Minister.
• Morocco is a constitutional parliamentary monarchy with Mohamed VI as King and Aziz Akhannouch as Prime Minister; the system is bicameral and the capital is Rabat.
• South Africa is a parliamentary republic with Cyril Ramaphosa (ANC) as President, with the Democratic Alliance (DA) as the opposition; the capital is Le Cap.
• Rwanda is a semi-presidential republic with President Kagame and Prime Minister Édouard Ngirente, leading the Coalition FPR; the capital is Kigali.
• Burundi has a multi-party presidential republic led by President Évariste Ndayishimiye and Prime Minister Gervais Ndirakobuca;
• RD Congo is a presidential republic with President Félix Tshisekedi (UDPS); the capital is Kinshasa.
• Nigeria is a federal republic of 36 states, with Bola Tinubu (APC) as President; Abuja is the capital.
• Egypt is a semi-presidential republic led by President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi and Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouli; the capital is Cairo.
• Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy ruled by King Salman ben Abdelaziz and Prime Minister Mohamed Ben Salman; the ministers hold executive power; the capital is Ryad.
• Iraq is a federal parliamentary republic with Mohammed Chia al-Soudani (Dawa) as Prime Minister; Baghdad is the capital.
• Syria, led by a terrorist group, is in a state of war with divided parliamentary ventilation.
• Israel has Isaac Herzog as President and Benjamin Netanyahu (Likud) as Prime Minister, leading a right-wing coalition; the capital is Jerusalem.
• North Korea is a democratic and socialist republic with Kim Jong-un as President, under the Supreme People's Assembly; Pyongyang is the capital.
• South Korea is a presidential republic with Choi Sang-mok as acting President; Seoul is the capital.
• Japan operates under a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system and Shigeru Ishiba (PLD) as Prime Minister; Tokyo is the capital.
• India is a federal semi-presidential republic, Narendra Modi holds the Prime Minister position.
• China is a popular republic where the separation of powers is limited, and there is a lack of separation of powers thereby dictatorial.
• Argentia has President Ravier Milei; right liberal
• Brazil is a federal republic with LULA da Silva as President; the capital is Brasilia.
• Mexico has Claudia Sheinbaum (Morena) as President (Centre-Left).
• Canada is a constitutional monarchy with a federal democracy, with justin Trudeau as Prime Minister.
• Australia is a democracy parliamentary federal, with Anthony Albanese as Prime Minister.
• Turkey is a republic, with Recep Tayyip Erdogan as President and leader.
• the President of Russia is poutine.
• Ukraine is a parliamentary republic with president Volodimir Zelinsky
• The president of the United states is trump

Overview of current heads of state and government in several European countries, including France, Luxembourg, Ireland, Poland, Cyprus, Hungary, Malta, and Croatia. Information includes party affiliations and coalition details.