Europe Vocabulary flashcards

• The resource provided contains materials for classroom decorating related to European geography, history, and environmental science.
• It includes 47 pennants and 2 blank templates.

European Geography

• Avalanche: A mass of snow, ice, and debris rapidly moving down a slope.
• Chaparral: A shrubland or woodland habitat characterized by evergreen shrubs and bushes.
• Dike: An artificial slope or wall, often earthen, built to regulate water levels.
• Fjords: Long, narrow inlets with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial activity.
• Foehns: Warm, dry, down-slope winds that occur in the leeward side of mountain ranges.
• Glaciations: A period when ice sheets and glaciers cover extensive areas of land.
• Loess: A fine, silty soil formed by windblown sediment.
• Mistral: A strong, cold, northerly wind that blows into the Gulf of Lion in the Mediterranean.
• Permafrost: Ground, including rock or soil, that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years.
• Polder: A low-lying tract of land enclosed by dikes, creating dry land.
• Siroccos: Hot, dry winds originating from the Sahara Desert, blowing north into Southern Europe.
• Timberline: The edge of the habitat at which trees are capable of growing.

European History

• Communism: A political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
• Crusades: A series of religious wars undertaken by the Christian Europeans to recover the Holy Land from Islamic rule.
• Enlightenment: A period in European history characterized by a focus on reason, science, and individual rights.
• European Union (EU): A political and economic alliance of European countries.
• Feudalism: A social system in medieval Europe where nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were tenants of the nobles, while peasants were obliged to live on their lords' land and give him labor and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.
• Impressionist: A 19th-century art movement which originated in France; emphasizes accurate depiction of light, atmosphere, and movement.
• Industrial Capitalism: An economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, investments determined by private decision, and prices, production, and the distribution of goods determined mainly by competition in a free market.
• Middle Ages: A historical period in Europe between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.
• Realism: The attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth.
• Renaissance: A period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity characterized by a revival of interest in classical art and literature.
• Reparations: Payments made by a defeated nation to compensate for war damage or injury.
• Urbanization: The process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas.

Environmental Science

• Acid Deposition: The settling of acidic compounds from the atmosphere onto the Earth's surface.
• Acid Rain: Rainfall made acidic by atmospheric pollution.
• Biologists: Scientists who study living organisms and their environments.
• Collective Farm: A type of agricultural production in which the holdings of several farmers are run as a joint enterprise.
• Cooperatives: An autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise.
• Dry Farming: A method of farming practices in arid areas without irrigation by cultivating land to conserve moisture.
• Environmentalists: People who advocate for the protection of the environment.
• Farm: Land used for farming.
• Farm State: A state characterized by farms.
• Global Warming: A gradual increase in overall temperatures in the atmosphere and on Earth.
• Greenhouse Effect: The trapping of the sun’s warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
• Heavy Industry: Industries that involve one or more characteristics, such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities; or complex or numerous processes.
• Light Industry: Industry that generally involves the production of smaller consumer goods that are not particularly resource-intensive and produce less pollution.
• Meltwater: Water formed by the melting of snow and ice.
• Mixed Farming: A system of farming which involves the growing of crops as well as the raising of livestock.
• Organic Farming: The form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost, and biological pest control.

Cities in Europe

• London
• Paris
• Rome
• Madrid