European Convention on Human Rights Quiz

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is an international treaty signed in 1950, establishing human rights standards. Over the years, the ECHR's meaning has evolved through the European Court of Human Rights and the European Commission of Human Rights interpretations, along with the Council of Europe's work.

The ECHR is integrated into the national legal systems of most European countries. This means that the Convention is binding on domestic courts and public authorities within these countries.

The ECHR covers various human rights, including the right to life, freedom from torture, freedom of expression, and the right to a fair trial.

The ECHR allows limitations on certain rights if they are 'in accordance with law' and 'necessary in a democratic society.' This means that restrictions on rights must be reasonable and justified.

The ECHR Protocols are amendments or additions to the original convention. They expand the rights covered by the ECHR or address specific issues.

Protocol 1 of the ECHR includes provisions related to the right to property, the right to education, and the right to participate in free and fair elections.

Article 10 of the ECHR guarantees freedom of expression, including freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas, subject to certain restrictions that are necessary in a democratic society.

States can require licensing for broadcasting, television, or cinema enterprises. This means that they may need to obtain permission to operate in those sectors.

The freedom to express oneself without fear of censorship or punishment, including the right to hold opinions and to seek, receive, and impart information through any media.

This legal standard requires a plaintiff in a defamation case against a media outlet to prove that the publisher acted with actual malice, meaning they knew the information was false or acted with reckless disregard for the truth.

The ability of journalists to protect the identity of their sources, who provide confidential information for stories. This is crucial for ensuring investigative journalism and holding power accountable.

The obligation of journalists to uphold ethical principles, including protecting confidential sources, ensuring accuracy, and avoiding biased reporting.

The role of the press in scrutinizing and exposing wrongdoing by individuals and institutions, acting as a check on power.

The right of journalists to freely access information from public and private sources, including maintaining contacts and ensuring professional confidentiality.

The principle that limits freedom of expression when it poses a threat to national security, public safety, or other important societal interests. This balance protects both individual rights and collective well-being.

A legal document signed by 34 states, including the USA and Romania, that enshrines journalists' right to access information and maintain confidentiality.

A landmark case that established the importance of protecting journalistic sources for press freedom.

The court ruled that restricting press freedom by forcing the disclosure of sources can only be justified by a pressing social need.

The freedom to hold opinions, and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authorities.

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) requires a balance between protecting press freedom and other public interests, like national security.

The ECHR gives states some leeway in regulating broadcast media, recognizing that it can have significant public impact.

Journalists need a safe space to do their job, meaning protecting their sources is crucial for a free press.

The court recognizes the crucial role of the press in informing the public and holding power accountable.

The principle of proportionality means that any restriction on a right, like freedom of expression, must be necessary and proportionate to the legitimate aim being pursued. It ensures that restrictions are not excessive or go beyond what's needed.

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) acts as a watchdog, making sure national authorities respect human rights and follow the European Convention on Human Rights.

In cases involving the right to freedom of expression, the ECHR carefully examines any restrictions on the freedom to reveal sources, making sure they are justified and proportionate.

It's not for the ECHR to replace national authorities' decisions. Instead, it reviews them under the lens of the European Convention on Human Rights to ensure they are legitimate.

The ECHR examines the reasons given by national authorities to justify their actions. It makes sure these reasons are relevant and sufficient to justify the restriction.

The ECHR considers if there's a reasonable balance between the legitimate objective of the restriction and the means used to achieve it.

The ECHR considers whether the interference with freedom of expression is really necessary to protect other rights or interests in a democratic society.

The ECHR can find that a state has violated the European Convention on Human Rights if it infringes on someone's human rights, including freedom of expression.

The ECHR found that a journalist's critical writings about a Romanian politician were within the acceptable bounds of exaggeration and provocation, even if some details were incorrect.

The journalist, Judith Miller, went to jail for refusing to reveal her confidential source who illegally leaked information about a CIA agent's identity.

A journalist's freedom of expression is protected, even if they make mistakes, as long as they act in good faith and their words are part of acceptable exaggeration or provocation.