Questions and Answers
What is a metropol?
A controlling center of empires such as Spain, Portugal, and France.
Which of the following describes 'border colonization'?
Colonization and colonialism refer to the same concept.
False
What is colonialism according to Jurgen Osterhammel?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of empire mentioned?
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A colony is a new political organization created by _____ or _____ colonization.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Definitions and Concepts
- Metropol: Center of control for empires such as Spain, Portugal, and France.
- Exodus: Large group movement to establish residence elsewhere, typically due to persecution or environmental factors; not classified as colonization.
- Emigration: Individual movement to new locations, often assimilating into local cultures while potentially preserving original identities, exemplified by Chinatowns.
Types of Colonization
- Border Colonization: Physical expansion of a country’s borders into adjacent regions; does not apply to European colonialism, which was predominantly overseas.
- Colonization: Involves naval networks and overseas settlements, driven by political or economic motivations.
Jurgen Osterhammel's Definitions
- Colony: A new political entity formed through invasion or settlement, marked by dependence on a distant metropol for political authority and economic exploitation.
- Colonialism: A dominative relationship where a foreign minority rules over an indigenous majority, with decisions favoring the colonizers’ interests, above the needs of the native population.
Types of Colonization
- Colonization is interconnected with the existence of colonies, though some colonies, like those in North Africa and North America under French control, may not exemplify true colonization.
- Internal Colonialization: Happens when a colony explores and settles its own hinterlands, as seen in Brazil’s expansion from its coastline inland.
- Subcolonial Relations: Dynamics between different colonies within an empire, such as Australia acting as a colonizer to nearby regions.
Varieties of Colonies
- Political Types: Include several forms of governance like viceroyalties (British India), audiencias (Spanish America), protectorates, and Crown colonies.
- Economic Types: Categories such as settlement colonies, plantation colonies, exploitation colonies, and trading settlements illustrate diverse economic incentives within colonial systems.
Types of Empires
- Formal Empires: Real empires with many controlled peripheries, exemplified by Portugal, Spain, the Dutch Republic, France, and Britain.
- Semi-Empires: Colonial powers with limited and less widespread control, like Spain post-1820 or Belgium with its singular Congo colony.
- Informal Empires: Influence exerted over regions maintaining independence; includes significant examples like 19th-century British interests in Latin America and China's interactions.
Imperialism
- Encompasses all factors and actions that contribute to the exertion of power and control, shaping the dynamics of colonial and post-colonial relationships.
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Description
This quiz covers definitions related to the history of European colonization. Explore the concepts of metropol and the means of expansion, including the distinction between colonization and exodus. Test your understanding of the foundational terms that shaped imperial history.
